1Peripheral Blood

2

Whole Blood

3

Hemopoiesis

4

ErythroidLineage

MyeloidLineage

5

ErythropoiesisErythropoiesisFormation or making of red blood cellsFormation or making of red blood cells• Life-span 120 daysLife-span 120 days• New-born = old-death = 1 - 1.5 %New-born = old-death = 1 - 1.5 %• Bone marrow ==> macrophages (RE cells)Bone marrow ==> macrophages (RE cells)• Fe, Proteins (amino acids),Fe, Proteins (amino acids), B12, Folate, etc. B12, Folate, etc.

6

Erythron

Erythropoiesis

7

Blood Forming OrgansBlood Forming Organs• Mesoblastic periodMesoblastic period

yolk sacyolk sac• Hepatic periodHepatic period

liver & spleenliver & spleen• Myeloid periodMyeloid period

bone marrow (BM)bone marrow (BM)

8

Blood Forming Organs Blood Forming Organs (cont.)(cont.)

• Medullary HemopoiesisMedullary Hemopoiesisbone marrow (BM)bone marrow (BM)

• Extramedullary HemopoiesisExtramedullary Hemopoiesisliver / spleenliver / spleen

9

Blood FormingOrgans

10Stages of Erythron

11

12

E2E1

E3E

4E5

E3

13

Extrusion Polychromasia

Reticulocytes Erythrocytes

14

ErythropoiesiErythropoiesis Mechanisms Mechanism• ProliferationProliferation

• DifferentiationDifferentiation• MaturationMaturation• ReleaseRelease• Functional RBCFunctional RBC• Senile RBCSenile RBC

15Erythropoiesis MechanismErythropoiesis Mechanism

16

Characteristic of ErythronCharacteristic of Erythron

17Bone Marrow StructureBone Marrow Structure

18

Bone Marrow SectionBone Marrow Section

19

Bone MarrowBone MarrowContourContour

20

Normal Red Blood Cells

21

Functional Blood Cells

22

Regulation of ErythropoiesisRegulation of Erythropoiesis• HypoxiaHypoxia• Oxygen tension in bloodOxygen tension in blood• Peritubular cells in Peritubular cells in KidneyKidney• ErythropoietinErythropoietin• Nutrients & raw materialsNutrients & raw materials

23Regulation of ErythropoiesisRegulation of Erythropoiesis

24

Erythropoietin (Epo)Erythropoietin (Epo)•Chromosome 7 (q)Chromosome 7 (q)•3000 kDa3000 kDa•165 Amino acids165 Amino acids•60 % Proteins60 % Proteins•40 % Carbohydrate40 % Carbohydrate•Peritubular cells in Peritubular cells in KidneyKidney

25

Molecule of ErythropoietinMolecule of Erythropoietin

26

Factors Effecting ErythropoiesisFactors Effecting Erythropoiesis

• Micro-environmentMicro-environment• Stem cellsStem cells• Nutrients / Erythropoietin / Etc.Nutrients / Erythropoietin / Etc.