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By:- Rahul Dhaker
M.Sc. Nursing 1st
year
HCN, Dehradun
Principle of
growth and development
Introduction
• The process of growth and development starts
before the baby born i.e. from the conceptions
in the mother’s womb.
• The period extends throughout the life cycle.
• But the principle change occurs from the
conception to the end of adolescent. Growth
and development are closely interrelated1.
Definition
Growth
• It is the process of
physical maturation
resulting an increase
in the size of the
body and various
organs. It occurs by
multiplication of
cells and an increase
in intracellular
substance3.
Development
• It is the process of
functional and
physical maturation
of the individual. It is
progress increase in
skill and capacity to
function. It is related
to maturation and
myelination of the
nervous system3.
Principle of Growth and Development
• Growth and development is continuous and orderly
process with individual difference and is unique to
each child.
• It process by stages and its sequence is predictable
and same in all children but there may be difference
in time of achievement1.
Cont….
• Cephalocaudal direction
• Proximodistal direction
• General to specific
• Development pace
• Environmental factor
Cephalocaudal direction
• Growth process from the
head to tail, or in a
cephalocaudal direction.
• This is particularly evidence
during the period of
gestation and the first year
of life.
• Before birth the head end of
the embryo and fetus
enlarge and develops before
the tail end does.
Proximodistal direction
• Growth proceeds from the center, or midline, of the body to the periphery, or in a proximodistal direction.
• This proximodistal development is bilateral and symmetric, for the most part, on both side of the body; however, this is not consistently true.
General to specific
• Initial mass activity and
movement are replaced by
specific response or action
by the complex process of
individual change.
• Generalized muscle occurs
before fine muscle control
is possible.
• At first, infant can only
make only random
movement of the arms
Development pace
• Rate of growth and development is interrelation
and rapid in infancy and in puberty but slow in
preschool and school age.
Environmental factor
• Growth and development depends on combination
of many interdependent factors especially by
heredity and environment.
Conclusion
• The period of growth and development extends
throughout the life cycle; however, the period in
which the principle change occurs is from
conception to the end of adolescence. Growth
and development are continuous and or derly
processes that have predictable sequences2.
Bibliography
1. Marlow, Text book of pediatric nursing, 6th
edition 2006, Saurabh printed pvt. Ltd. Nodia, page no- 163-170.
2. Wong’s, Essential of pediatric nursing, 8th edition 2009, Elsevier, first floor, Nodia (U.P.), page no-72-80
3. Parul Datta, Pediatric nursing, 2nd edition 2009, jaypee brothers medical publication (P) ltd. New Delhi, page no- 115- 120.