Questionnaire and Interview Schedule

ByPraveen A 15AB29Ranjani B 15AB30Riya Mary Joeman 15AB31Robin Pavithran 15AB32

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Questionnaires

Research instrument and it is a Pre-formulated written set of questions of which respondents record their answers.

Effective data collection mechanism when the researcher knows exactly what is required and how to measure the variables of interest.

Types

• Personally administered questionnaires

• Mail questionnaires

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Personally Administered questionnaires

• Mostly local area based, Organization is willing to have a group of employee respond to it.• Researchers can present potential respondents with the questionnaire in a variety of ways,

including:- In person

- scanner sheets through post - Disks

Advantages Disadvantages

Distributed to a large number of people at a relatively low cost

Lower costs than interviewing Reduced interviewer bias

Limited to those who can read and write.

Probing questions required long answers cannot be write

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Mail questionnaires

Mailed to the respondents can complete at their convenience (Time and location)

Advantages Disadvantages

Wide geographical can be covered Lower costs than interviewing

Return rates are typically low Doubts cannot be clarified

Techniques to improve rate of response

Send follow up mail – small monetary amount as incentives

Notified in advance about the forthcoming survey

Adding related picture to the questionnaire ( help in some

cases)

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1. Preparation

2. Constructing the first draft

3. Self-evaluation

4. External evaluation

5. Revision

6. Pre-test or Pilot study

7. Revision

8. Second Pre-test if necessary

9. Preparing final Copy

Steps in questionnaire construction

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Interviewing

One of the method to collect data

Uses specially for Exploratory research

Large number of interviews with a number of interviewers – Chances for Bias

To minimize bias

- Good training to Interviewers

- Checking their interpretation

- Voice inflections

- Avoid differences in wording

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Types of Interviews

Unstructured Interviews

Structured Interviews

Face to face Interviews

Telephone Interviews

Computer assisted Interviews

Computer-aided survey Interviews

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Un-Structured Interviews

OBJECTIVE • To explore and probe into several factors in the situation that might

be central to the broad problem area.• It is the basis for conducting a structured interview.• Helps in understanding

whether the problem in hand is a symptom of a more and serious deep rooted problem

Identification of several critical factors in the situation.

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Structured Interviews

BASIS• Conducted after understanding the outset of what

information is needed.• List of predetermined questions are already decided by

the interviewer.• Conducted through telephone / face-to-face / medium of

a PC.• Interviewer must be familiar with the purpose and goal of

each question.

RESULTIdentification of new factors and deeper

understanding

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Face to Face InterviewsMostly conducted for UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEWS.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

• Researcher can adapt the questions that are necessary and ensure that there is clarity in the responses.

• Non-verbal cues can also be an added advantage that cannot be picked up through a telephone interview.

• Geographical limitations on the surveys.

• Cost – Optimization

• Respondents feel insecure about their anonymity when interaction is face to face.

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Telephonic Interview

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Researcher - Different people can

be reached(Local, international)

Respondent- Eliminates

discomfort.

Respondent could terminate the interview by hanging up without any warning.

Fixing mutually convenient time.

Can not read non-verbal communication.

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Computer Assisted Interviewing

• Questions flashed in computer screen, respondents can enter

answers into computers.

• Out-of-range responses eliminated.

• Right sequencing order.

• Improved accuracy.

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CATI & CAPI

CATI CAPI

Computer Assisted Telephonic Interview

Computer Assisted Personal Interview

PC is networked into telephone system

Respondents can use their own computers to respond.

Computer selects number, dials and stores responses in

a file.

Respondents receive software and respond

Quick, accurate and faster analysis of data, low field costs.

Vs.

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Computer Aided Survey Services

• Researcher can analyze when field survey is in progress.

• Data can be cleaned up and errors can be fixed.

• Bias can be eliminated.

• Skip patterns can be programmed.

• Questions can be customized according to the respondent.

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QUESTIONING TECHNIQUE

Funneling

Unbiased Questions

Clarifying issues

Help the respondent to think through issues

Taking Notes

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FUNNELING

OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS TO GET A BROAD IDEA.

THEN ASK MORE FOCUSED QUESTIONS.

BRODER ------ NARROW.

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UNBIASED QUESTIONS

Ask questions which gives least bias in responses.

A loaded question influences the answers received From the respondents.

Bias could be introduced by emphasizing certain Words, by tone and voice inflections and through Improper suggestions.

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CLARIFYING ISSUES

The researcher should rephrase or restate important information given by the respondents.

To make sure that the researcher understands issues as The respondent intends to represent them.

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HELP THE RESPONDENT TO THINK THROUGH ISSUES

The researcher should ask questions in a simpler way.

If the respondent finds it difficult to understand.

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TAKING NOTES

The researcher must take written notes.

The information recalled from memory is imprecise or often incorrect.

If more than one interview is scheduled the information received Increases.

The interviews can be recorded on tape if there is no objection.

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Thank You