GROUP 5

Psychology

Drugs and

Consciousness

DRUGS -any substance, natural or artificial, other than food, that by its chemical or physical nature alters structure or function in the

living organism.

Consciousness- refers to our awareness of

sensations, thoughts, and other internal processes. 

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Drugs and Consciousness…

Psychoactive Drug: A chemical substance that alters perceptions and

mood.

Addiction & Dependence

Addiction

Addiction is a brain disease identified by components of physical and psychological

dependence.

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Addiction & Dependence…

tolerance - the power of enduring the action of

the drug.

- is one aspect of physical dependence.

Withdrawal & Dependence

Withdrawal is a term referring to the feelings of discomfort, distress, and intense craving for a substance that occur when use of the substance is stopped.

Dependence Absence of a drug may lead to a feeling of physical pain, intense cravings and negative emotions.

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Misconceptions About Addiction

1. Addictive drugs quickly corrupt.

2. Addiction cannot be overcome voluntarily.

3. Addiction is no different than repetitive pleasure-seeking behaviors.

Types of

Psychoactive Drugs

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Psychoactive drugs are divided into three groups.

1. Depressants 2. Stimulants3. Hallucinogens

Depressants

Depressants are drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions. They include:

A. Alcohol B. BarbituratesC. Opiates

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Depressants…

A. Alcohol affects motor skills, judgment, and memory.

Drinking and Driving

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Why do college students drink?

1. Increases sociability2. Relieves anxiety or tension3. Feel elated or euphoric4. Less inhibited5. Can go along with friends6. Different state of consciousness7. Sexual inhibition8. Stops worrying9. Alleviates depression10. Less self-conscious

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Depressants…

B. Barbiturates: Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment. Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal are some examples.

Depressants …

C. Opiates-they are highly addictive

-temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.

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StimulantsStimulants are drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. Examples of stimulants are:

1. Caffeine 2. Nicotine3. Cocaine4. Ecstasy5. Amphetamines6. Methamphetamines

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2. Stimulants: Caffeine & Nicotine

A & B. Caffeine and nicotine increase heart and breathing rates and other autonomic functions to

provide energy.

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2. Stimulants: Why Do People Smoke?

1. People smoke because it is socially rewarding.2. Smoking is also a result of genetic factors.

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2. Stimulants: Why Do People Smoke?

3. Nicotine takes away unpleasant cravings

4. Nicotine itself is rewarding (positive reinforcement).

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2. Stimulants C. CocaineCocaine induces immediate euphoria followed by a crash. Crack, a form of cocaine, can be smoked. Other forms of

cocaine can be sniffed or injected.

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2. Stimulants: D. Ecstasy

Ecstasy or Methylenedioxymethamphet

amine (MDMA) is a stimulant and mild

hallucinogen. It produces a euphoric high and can

damage serotonin-producing neurons, which results in a

permanent deflation of mood and impairment of memory.

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ith/ AP Photos

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3. Hallucinogens

Hallucinogens are psychedelic (mind-

manifesting) drugs that distort perceptions and

evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory

input.

Ronald K. Siege l

3. Hallucinogens: Names of Drugs

• Acid, Peyote, Mighty Quinn, Mescal, Ibogaine, Window Panes, MDMA, Gelatin, Pearly Gates, Owsley Acid, Mind Detergent, Bufotenine, California Triple Dip, Sandoz’s, Sunshine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Mescaline, Cube, Salvia Divinorum, Blue Cheers, Vacation, Hawk, LSD, Wedding Bells, Adams, Phenethylamines, Psilocybin Analogs, Brown Dot, Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds, Strawberries, Blotter, Pink Wedge, Psilocybin, Mushrooms, ‘Shrooms, Ayahuasca, and other names.

3. Hallucinogens: Meth

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After a close brush with death, many people

report an experience of moving through a dark

tunnel with a light at the end. Under the influence of hallucinogens, others

report bright lights at the center of their field

of vision.

3. Hallucinogens: Near-Death Experiences

(From “H

alluc inations” by R.K

. Siegel. C

o pyright ©

1977 Scient ific Am

erican, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Influence for Drug Prevention and Treatment

1.Education about the long-term costs

2.Efforts to boost people’s self-esteem and purpose

3.Attempts to modify peer associations and teaching refusal skills

Drugs Make you Ugly!

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DrugsSummary

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Thank you for listening!

Group 5

Clavecilla, Apple KarenMarbella, Joel F.

Cuaresma, John Paul E.Cuaresma, Richard E.Espalita,Cymon Jerick