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The Protestant Reformation Through Maps Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

Protestant Reformation

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Protestant Reformation - this examines the protestant reformation, reasons, spread, important people

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Page 1: Protestant Reformation

TheProtestant

ReformationThrough Maps

TheProtestant

ReformationThrough Maps

Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

Page 2: Protestant Reformation

R. H. Bainton The Reformation of the 16c

Thus, the papacy emerged as something between an Italian city-state and European power, without forgetting at the same time the claim to be the vice-regent of Christ. The Pope often could not make up his mind whether he was the successor of Peter or of Caesar. Such vacillation had much to do with the rise and success of the Protestant Reformation.

Page 3: Protestant Reformation

Causes of the Reformation? Church corruption

Avignon Papacy and Babylonian Captivity

The Great Schism 1309 - 1414

Council of Constance 1414

Marsilius of Padua Defensor Pacis [Defender of the Faith]

• The Pope was head of the Church - only

• The Church’s power belonged with a council of clergy and lay people

Page 4: Protestant Reformation

• Early Reformers– John Wycliffe

• Priest and Teacher at Oxford University• Offended by the power and wealth of the church• Wanted individuals to read and interpret the Bible• Promoted the publication of the Bible in English• Accused of heresy

– Backed by the Royal Court, forced into retirement

– Jan Huss• Teacher at University of Prague• Read Wycliffe’s work - inspired• Criticized the church - excommunicated• Condemned as a heretic at the Council of Constance (1414)• Burned at the stake

Page 5: Protestant Reformation

The Spread of the Printing PressThe Spread of the Printing Press

Page 6: Protestant Reformation

Movable Type Printing Press, 1450– Johannes Gutenberg, Mainz Germany– Movable type - technology from China– Quicker printing of all books– Bible printed around 1450

Page 7: Protestant Reformation

The Holy Roman

Empire in the 16c

The Holy Roman

Empire in the 16c

Page 8: Protestant Reformation

The Spread of LutheranismThe Spread of Lutheranism

Page 9: Protestant Reformation

• Martin Luther, 1483-1546– Priest, Wittenberg, Germany– University of Erfurt studies Law & Theology– 1505 hit by lightning

• Renounced his secular life - could not find the balance between ambition and faith

• Joined Order of the Hermits of St Augustine• Read, fasted and prayed • Found his way with reading the Bible• Transferred to Wittenberg

– Tried teaching theology– Found preaching more comfort– Came to believe that faith in God alone would allow salvation

– Disenchanted with the worldliness of the Church• Hated the practice of selling Indulgences

– Johann Tetzel - raising money for St Peter’s Basilica

• Protested with the 95 Thesis in 1517

Page 10: Protestant Reformation

The Peasant Revolt - 1525The Peasant Revolt - 1525

Page 11: Protestant Reformation

Calvin’s World in the 16cCalvin’s World in the 16c

Page 12: Protestant Reformation

• John Calvin– Followed the legacy of Huldrych Zwingli– Believed in:

• faith in God • reading and interpreting the Bible • Predestination - the elect - dedicated to God’s

wishes• Geneva, Switzerland,1536

– Theocracy– Strict rules designed to show the world that they were

the elect

Page 13: Protestant Reformation

Calvin preached that people should live good, thrifty, temperate lives. These people became the business classes of Europe.

-- Calvinism – based in Geneva, Switzerland

-- Huguenots -- French Calvinists

-- Presbyterians -- Scottish Calvinists

-- Puritans -- English Calvinists that left

Page 14: Protestant Reformation

ProtestantChurches

inFrance

(Late 16c)

ProtestantChurches

inFrance

(Late 16c)

Page 15: Protestant Reformation

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Before 1529, England was a

Catholic country.

Henry VIII was not happy in his

marriage. He changed the whole

system of religion in England. Creating

the Church of England also called

the Anglican Church.

He benefited greatly from the change!

Page 16: Protestant Reformation

The AnabaptistsThe Anabaptists

Dutch persecution of Anabaptists (Mennonites)

Page 17: Protestant Reformation

ReformationEurope

(Late 16c)

ReformationEurope

(Late 16c)