PHILIPPINES By Lucía, Eva and Emma

• The Philippines is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. Bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam to the west, Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south.

PHILIPPINES LOCATION

Philippines history shows a lot of influences, cultures and races that were settled and mingled in the archipelago. Culturally and linguistically most of the population is of austronesio origin, although starting from the 7th century it received traders and people from the Indian world that was dominating in Southeast Asia, and from the 14th century Islam had presence on the archipelago. Spanish colonization that lasted for more than three centuries and influenced the cultural and religious traditions. Spanish missionaries christianized the majority of the population and founded schools, universities and hospitals in all the islands of the archipelago. In addition during the historic documented, Philippines traded extensively with the Indian world, the Muslim world, as well as China and Japan.

Philippines was a Spanish colony from 1516 to 1899. But at the end of the Spanish-American war, the United States colonized the Philippines. After the occupation of the Japanese Empire during the second world war and their subsequent defeat, the Philippines achieved total independence of United States in July 1946.

PHILIPPINES, SHORT HISTORY

Philippines is an archipielago sourronded by Philippine sea, South China, Sulu sea and Celebes sea, is composed about 7.641 islands. It´s the country with the 5th longest coastline in the world.

Most of the montainous islands are covered in tropical rainforests. The highest mountain is Mount Apo, it meseaures up to 2.954m above sea

level and is located on the island of Mindanao.

The Galathea Dept in the Philippine Trench is the deepest point in the country and the third deepest in the worlsd, it´s located in the philippine sea.

The longest river is the Cagayon river.

The largest lake is Laguna the Bay.

Situated on the western of the Pacific, Ring od Fire, where a large of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions accur.

PHYSICAL FEATURES

Benham Plateau, to the east of Philippine sea is an undersea region active in tectonic subduction, around 20 earthquakes are registred daily.

There are many active volcanoes such as the Mayon volcano, Mount Pinatubo and Toal volcano.

-RICE TERRACES The rice terraces of the Philippine ridge are an outstanding example of a cultural

evolutionary landscape that can be traced back two thousand years in the precolonial Philippines.

The terraces are located in the Cordillera of the northern island of Luzon, archipelago of the Philippines. All of them are the product of the Ifugao ethnic group, a minority community that has occupied these mountains during the miles of the year.

One of the most beautiful places in Philippines is the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River, this area represents a habitat for biodiversity conservation, it also contains a full mountain-to-the-sea ecosystem and has some of

the most important forests in Asia.

The country is estimated to have the second-largest gold deposits after South Africa and one of the largest copper deposits in the world.

VEGETATION AND FAUNA

The Philippines' rainforests and its extensive coastlines make it home to a diverse range of birds, plants, animals, and sea creatures. It is one of the ten most biologically megadiverse countries. Around 1,100 land vertebrate species can be found in the Philippines including over 100 mammal species and 170 bird species not thought to exist elsewhere.

Some examples of animmals are: PHILIPPINE EAGLE: You can find it in most of the forests in the Philippines. It has brown and white-coloured plumage, and a shaggy crest, and

generally measures 86 to 102 cm It is considered the largest of the extant eagles in the world. Among the rarest and most powerful birds in the world, it has been declared the Philippine national bird. It is critically endangered, mainly due to massive loss of habitat due to deforestation in most of its range. Killing a Philippine eagle is punishable under Philippine law by 12 years in jail and heavy fines.

PALAWAN FRUIT BAT: is a species of megabat found in forests of Palawan, Balabac and Busuanga in the Philippines. It is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN and is declining due to hunting and habitat loss. Like almost all megabats, the Palawan fruit bat is nocturnal. It can reach an age of at least 5 years.

VEGETATION AND FAUNA

CORAL TRIANGLE It´s a geographical term it refers to a triangular area of the tropical marine waters of Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon

Islands it contains at least 500 species of reef-building corals. The Coral Triangle is recognized as the global centre of marine biodiversity and a global priority for conservation.

It is also called the "Amazon of the seas" and covers 5.7 million square kilometres of ocean waters.

*INTERESTING THING* The “Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park” is a protected area of the Philippines located in the middle of the Sulu Sea.

VEGETATION

POPULATION

Current population 103 315 438

Current male population (50.1%) 51 810 945

Current female population (49.9%) 51 504 493

Births this year 321 121

Births today 6 417

Deaths this year 89 699

Deaths today 1 792

Net migration this year 19 442

Net migration today 388

Population growth this year 211 980

Population growth 4 236

Density 336.60/km2

POPULATION: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION, YOUNG OR AGEING COUNTRY

Age structure:

◦ 0-14 years: 33.71% (male 17,652,419/female 16,943,261)◦ 15-24 years: 19.17% (male 10,042,520/female 9,629,762)◦ 25-54 years: 36.86% (male 19,204,977/female 18,618,333)◦ 55-64 years: 5.89% (male 2,758,867/female 3,282,416)◦ 65 years and over: 4.38% (male 1,863,339/female 2,628,315) (2016 est.)

YOUNG AND AGEING POPULATION

Government of the Philippines is the national government of the Philippines. It is a unitary state presidential, representative, and democratic republic where the President of the Philippines is both the head of state and the head of government within a pluriform multi-party system.

The government has three interdependent branches: the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch. The powers of the branches are vested by the Constitution of the Philippines in the following: Legislative power is vested in the two-chamber Congress of the Philippines—the Senate is the upper chamber and the House of Representatives is the lower chamber. Executive power is exercised by the government under the leadership of the President. Judicial power is vested in the courts with the Supreme Court of the Philippines as the highest judicial body.

POLITICAL SYSTEM

Flag of Philippines

Anthem of Philippines https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FUBJY6nco0 Currency system

STATE SYMBOLS

The Philippine economy:◦ is the 36th largest economy in the world◦ has been transitioning from one based upon agriculture to an economy with more

emphasis upon services and manufacturing.

MAIN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES: PRIMARY, SECUNDARY AND TERTIARY SECTOR

Agriculture employs 30% of the Filipino workforce. The industrial sector employs around 14% of the workforce. Meanwhile, the 47% of workers involved in the services sector are responsible for

56% of GDP

MAIN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES: PRIMARY, SECUNDARY AND TERTIARY SECTOR

Agriculture

The country's main agricultural crops are rice, corn, coconut, sugarcane, bananas, pineapple, coffee, mangoes, tobacco, and abaca (a banana-like plant).

Secondary crops include peanut, cassava, camote (a type of rootcrop), garlic, onion, cabbage, eggplant, calamansi (a variety of lemon), rubber, and cotton

Natural resources: Copper, nickel, iron, cobalt, timber, petroleum, nickel, silver, gold, salt.

MAIN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES: PRIMARY, SECUNDARY AND TERTIARY SECTOR

Industry

Retail Gaming Manufacturing shipping, medical products, toys, auto parts Construction Energy & Automotive Shipbuilding Construction engineering

MAIN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES: PRIMARY, SECUNDARY AND TERTIARY SECTOR

Services

Information technology (IT) and business processing management Hospitality and leisure Net exporter of services:

Technology-driven customer support, exchange of technical and administrative knowledge for products

Include research and development, consulting, prototyping, design, transport, marketing, advertising, sales, and branding services.

MAIN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES: PRIMARY, SECUNDARY AND TERTIARY SECTOR

CULTURE AND TRADICTION

Philippine culture is a combination of Eastern and Western cultures. also displays a significant number of Spanish and American influences.

Some traditions, however, are changing or gradually being forgotten due to modernization. The “Bayanihan Philippine National Folk Dance Company” has been lauded for preserving many of the various traditional folk dances found throughout the Philippines

*FOOD* Philippine cuisine has evolved over several centuries from its origins to become a mixed cuisine with many Hispanic, Chinese,

American, and other Asian influences that have been adapted to local ingredients .Dishes range from the very simple, like a meal of fried salted fish and rice, to the elaborate, such as the “paellas” and “cocidos” created for fiestas.

Popular dishes include “lechón”, “adobo”, “sinigang”, “crispy pata”, “lumpia”, and “halo-halo”.

-CRISPY PATA- Is a Filipino dish consisting of deep fried pig trotters or knuckles served with a soy-vinegar dip. It can be served as party fare or

an everyday dish. Many restaurants serve boneless pata as a specialty.

CULTURE AND TRADITION

-LUMPIA- Is a spring roll of Chinese origin commonly found in Indonesia and the Philippines. It is a savoury snack made of

thin crepe pastry skin called "lumpia wrapper" enveloping a mixture of savoury fillings, consists of chopped vegetables. In Indonesia it has become one of their favourite snack, and is known as a street food in the country. In the Philippines lumpia is one of the most common dishes found in any kind of gathering and celebration

-COCONUT PALACE- Is a government building located in the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex,

in Manila, Philippines. It was the official residence and the principal workplace of the Vice President of the Philippines.

-UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS- Perhaps one of the most iconic and most beautiful buildings in the Philippines, the

Main Building in the University of Santo Tomas has been standing since 1924. Having been used as an internment camp by the Japanese during the Second World War.

-IGLESIA NI CRISTO COMMONWEALTH- Built in 1984, and one of the grandest structures along Commonwealth Avenue in

Quezon City, the Iglesia Ni Cristo Church is a bigger and more beautiful version of the other smaller churches in the country.

IMPORTANT BUILDINGS

The official national costume of Filipino men is the barong tagalog. The upper garment of the boy in the picture is a barong. It is worn over a Chinese collarless shirt called camisa de Chino. The boy is also wearing the traditional wide-brimmed hat salakot, which is usually made of rattan or reeds.

The official national costume of Filipina women is the baro at saya (=baro’t saya). The baro is the top blouse. The saya is the skir.

NATIONAL COSTUMES

• Salakot dance, the dancers portray the use of the head gear in a graceful, almost flirtatious move. Salakot isa traditional wide-brimmed hat in the Philippines. It is usually made of either rattan or reeds. Itis one of the traditional hat worn by Filipinos. The salakot is a common symbol for Filipino identity.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDxmPibRHUw

• Kulintang - This is an instrument made of eight knobbed gongs on a wooden frame and is usually accompanied by other percussion instruments. This ancient gong-drum ensemble music of the southern Philippines was once widespread throughout the islands. Kulintang is distantly related to gamelan music of Indonesia. Kulintang is a modern term for an ancient instrumental form of music composed on a row of small, horizontally laid gongs that function melodically, accompanied by larger, suspended gongs and drums.

https://youtu.be/B_acS1s_cZM

DANCE AND MUSIC

Sports in the Philippines is an important part of the country's culture. There are seven major sports in the Philippines. These are basketball, badminton, boxing, football, billiards, tennis and volleyball. Despite being a tropical nation, ice skating is a popular sport in the Philippines. Sports such as athletics, weightlifting, aerobics, and martial arts

are also popular recreations.

The Philippines has participated in all editions of the Olympics except in 1980 when it joined the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. The country is also the first tropical nation to participate at the Winter Olympics, debuting at the 1972 edition and has participated in three other edition of the winter games. Philippine Olympic

Committee (POC) is the National Olympic Committee of the Philippines.

SPORT ACTIVITIES