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Power point presentation about speaking. It shows the main characteristics to achieve an effective oral interaction.
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Speaking
• Dominguez, Valeria; Grieco Mayra; Lugano M. Eugenia
• Saubidet Oyhamburu Stella
• Language and Written expression IV
• 21 August 2014
• “Speaking is a interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producingand receiving and processing information”
(Brown, 1994; Burns & Joyce, 1997)
Making oneself understood in a second language
Speaker Hearer
Iniciates the interactionCommunicative intention
Brings presuppositions and expectationsInterprets the speaker´smessageReacts to the messageChanges his or her role
Oral interaction
SPEAKER HEARER
IDEASFEELINGSATTITUDESINFORMATION
•LINGUISTIC FORM•PHYSICAL CONTEXT•SOCIOCULTURAL NORMS
MISUNDERSTANDING IN ORAL COMMUNICATION
• Lack of command of the target linguisticknowledge
• Lack of sharing sociocultural rules of appropiacy and background knowledge
Speaking: Controversial skill
• Difficult – Listening comprehension
Speech production subskills
• Easy- body language
- demonstration
- repetition
-strategies
Speech production
• Levelt´s contextual factors• Demand• Arousal• Feedback
• Effectiveness• Coherent organization
• Cohesion• Appropiate choice of lexical items
Cooperative principle
• Grice´s maxims
• Quantity
• Quality
• Relevance
• Manner
PARTICIPATING IN ORAL INTERACTION
MAINTAINING THE FLOW OF SPEECH
Turn-taking rules
Effective comunicator
ACCOMMODATING THE HEARER•Body language•Grice´s maxims•Sociocultural appropiacy rules•Eye contact
PREREQUISITES FOR SPEAKING IN ANOTHER LANGUAGE
• Good use of pragmatics and sociocultural factors.
• Vocabulary relevant to the situation
• Good use of discourse connectors
• Suitable opening and closing phrases
• Basic intonation patterns
• Proper rhythm and stress
• Grice´s maxims
E CF OF ME M C UT NI IV CE A
TION
COMPENSATION STRATEGIES FOR LINGUISTIC DIFFICULTIES
• Paraphrasing
• Asking for help
• Using examples and explanations
• Using body language
Speaking and writing
Speaking is similar to writing...
When we speak to someone we take into account the listener´s context
Spoken discourse Written discourse
Sound Visual
Temporal Exists in time
Immediate Deferred
Sequential Hierarchical
Frequently unplanned Planned
Little editing Can be editted
Redundancy, repetition More dense
sources
• Celce- Murcia, M. & Olshtain, E. (2000) Discorse and Context in Language Teaching
• Youtube´s website. Available at • Pagina d ela frase