Chapter I:The Learner

The Nature of the Learner

- The learner is an embodied spirit. He is the union of sentient body and a rational soul. His body experiences sensations and feels pleasure and pain. His soul is the principle of spiritual acts, the source of intellectual abstraction, self-reflection, and free rational volition. Body and soul exist in mutual dependence. (Kelly, 1965)

The Fundamental Equipment of the Learner

The learner has the power to see, hear, touch, smell, taste, perceive, imagine, retain, recall,

recognize past mental acts, conceive ideas, make judgment, reason out, feel and choose.

Five Elements of the Learner

1. Ability

The students’ native ability dictates the prospects of success in purposeful activity.

It determine their capacity to understand

and assimilate information for their own use

and application.

2. Aptitude

Aptitude refers to the students’ innate talent or gift. It indicates a natural capacity to learn certain skills.

3. Interest

Learners vary in activities that are undertaken due to a strong appeal or attraction.

4. Family & Cultural Background

Students who come from different socioeconomic background manifest a wide range behaviour due

5. Attitudes

Students have unique way of thinking and reacting. Confronted with the same situation

in the learning environment each one would react differently depending on their personal

characteristics.

Positive Attidudes:

a. Curiosity

b. Responsibility

c. Creativity

d. Persistence

Howard Gardner

Howard Earl Gardner (born July 11, 1943 is an American developmental psychologist who is a professor of Cognition and Education at Harvard University ,Senior Director of Harvard Project Zero and author of over twenty books translated into thirty languages. Since 1995, he has been the co-director of the Good Work Project. He is best known for his theory of Multiple Intelligence

Multiple Intelligence

1. Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence

2. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence

3. Spatial Intelligence

4. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence

5. Musical Intelligence

6. Intrapersonal Intelligence

7. Interpersonal Intelligence

8. Naturalist Intelligence

9. Existential Intelligence

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