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PREVIEW OF
EMT/EMRGERIATRIC EMERGENCIESPOWERPOINT TRAINING
PRESENTATION
OBJECTIVES
Be able to Explain agingDescribe assessment needs of elderlyIdentify sensory problems with agingDescribe specific illnesses in seniorsIdentify elder abuse
PATIENTS OVER 65+
Over half over 85 live alone or with spouseOnly 5% live in nursing homes35,000,000 over 65 in US in 20001 in 8 of US populationEst 54,000,000 by 2020Most take multiple medications
AGE
1900 vs. todayAge’s 65-74: 8 times largeAge’s 75-84: 13 times largerAges 85+: 24 times larger
Currently 12.6% US population
VISION
Decreased visionInability to differentiate colorsDecreased night visionDecreased ability to see close upDecreased depth perception
HEARING
Inability to hear high-frequency sounds
Use of hearing aids
NERVOUS SYSTEM
6 to 7% brain weight decrease45% brain cell loss in some areas15 to 20% blood flow reduction15% conduction speed decrease
CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES IN THE ELDERLY
Degeneration of valvesDegeneration of conduction systemVascular changesMuscular changesStroke volumeCardiac outputDysrhythmias
ASSESSMENT TOOLS
Often has previous cardiac historyCardiac medications
NitroglycerinSymptoms exceeding 10-15 minutesPulse oximetry
PNEUMONIA
An infection of the lung from bacterial, viral, or fungal causes
PULMONARY EMBOLISM
A sudden blockage of the pulmonary artery by a venous clot
ASSOCIATED SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Sudden onset of dyspneaShoulder/back/chest painSyncopeAnxiety/apprehensionFeverLeg pain/redness/unilateral pedal edemaFatigueCardiac arrest
POSSIBLE CHANGES IN PHYSICAL ASESSMENT
Changes in circulationTachycardiaAdventitious noises such as wheezing, rales or
decrease breath soundsDecreased pulse oximetry reading of 70 percent
or lowerHypotension
NEUROVASCULAR CHANGES IN THE ELDERLY
Atrophy of the brain tissueDeterioration of the nervous system Neuropathy
DETORIATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION IN CONTROLLING
Rate and depth of breathingHeart rateBlood pressureHunger and thirstTemperatureSensory perception – including audio, visual,
olfactory, touch, and pain
NEUROPATHY
Damage to nerves which may impair sensation, movement, gland or organ function or
other aspects of health, depending upon nerve affected
SENSORY NEUROTHAPY
Signs & SymptomsNumbness in touch & vibrationReduced position sensePoor coordination & balanceReduced sensitivity to temperature change
& painSpontaneous tingling or burning pain
DEMENTIA
A chronic, generally irreversible condition that causes a progressive loss of cognitive
abilities, psychomotor skills, & social skillsAlzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia
DEMOGRAPHICS
World wide about 36,000,000 with Dementia10% of people develop it sometime in their lifeDue to increased life expediency it is becoming a
more prevalent diseaseOne of the most common causes of disability in
the elderly
GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
Anatomical & Physiological changes, & pathophysiology
GASTROINTESTINAL (GI) CHANGES IN THE ELDERLY
Dental problemsDecrease in salivaPoor muscle tone of smooth muscle sphincter
between esophagus and stomach can cause regurgitation leading to heartburn, and acid refluxDecrease in hydrochloric acid in the stomachAlterations in absorption of nutrients
GASTROINTESTINAL (GI) CHANGES IN THE ELDERLY
Slowing peristalsis causing constipationRectal sphincter may become weak resulting in
fecal incontinenceLiver shrinksBlood flow to the liver declinesDecrease metabolism in the liver
ENDOCRINE CHANGES IN THE ELDERLYDecreased metabolism of thyroxineDecreased conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronineReduction in pancreatic beta cell secretion causing
hyperglycemiaReduction of the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus and pituitary glandIncrease in secretion of antidiuretic hormone and
atrial natriuretic hormone causing fluid imbalanceIncrease in levels of norepinephrine
MUSCULOSKELETAL CHANGES IN THE ELDERLY
Atrophy of muscles and muscle wastingDegenerative changes and loss of boneLoss of strengthDegenerative changes in jointsLoss of elasticity in ligaments and tendonsThinning of cartilage and thickening of synovial fluidOsteoporosis is a bone disease that decreases bone
density
POLYPHARMACY
The use of multiple medications, often prescribed by different doctors that can cause
adverse reactions in the patient
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