PRESENTATION ONPRESENTATION ON

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF PRA/PLA PRA/PLA

TOPIC: TOPIC:

PRESENTED BY:PRESENTED BY:

GULZAR HUSSAIN GULZAR HUSSAIN

PIRAMAL FOUNDATION FOR EDUCATION LEADERSHIP PIRAMAL FOUNDATION FOR EDUCATION LEADERSHIP

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONDEFINITIONS OF PRA/PLADEFINITIONS OF PRA/PLAHISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRA/PLAHISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRA/PLACONCEPT OF PRA/PLACONCEPT OF PRA/PLAPRINCIPLES OF PRA/PLAPRINCIPLES OF PRA/PLATOOLS OF PRA/PLATOOLS OF PRA/PLAUSE OF PRA/PLAUSE OF PRA/PLABENEFITS OF PRA/PLABENEFITS OF PRA/PLADANGERS AND LIMITATIONS OF PRA/PLADANGERS AND LIMITATIONS OF PRA/PLACONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

INGREDIENTSINGREDIENTS

Participatory techniques emphasize on the Participatory techniques emphasize on the importance of involving people i.e., people importance of involving people i.e., people participation for the betterment of society participation for the betterment of society through their involvement in implementation, through their involvement in implementation, execution, monitoring and evaluation of execution, monitoring and evaluation of various developmental programs set by the various developmental programs set by the government.government.

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

PRA (Participatory rural appraisal)PRA (Participatory rural appraisal)

It is a methodology to involve rural community It is a methodology to involve rural community by interacting with them and understanding by interacting with them and understanding

them along with their locality.them along with their locality.

PLA (Participatory learning and action)PLA (Participatory learning and action)

PLA is a one of the recent terminology in the PLA is a one of the recent terminology in the field of participatory technique . It is a field of participatory technique . It is a

learning from community , collection of data learning from community , collection of data and carrying actions.and carrying actions.

DEFINITIONS OF PRA/PLA:DEFINITIONS OF PRA/PLA:

Farming system research (FSR)Farming system research (FSR)

Objective of FSR was to further research in the field of farming system, analyse problem and plan research.

Rapid rural appraisal (RRA)Rapid rural appraisal (RRA) BEGAN IN THE LATE 1970s

(Rapid collection of data by outsiders to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the complexity of rural societies)

HISTORY OF RRA/PRA/PLA HISTORY OF RRA/PRA/PLA

DEVELOPMENT IN 1960sDEVELOPMENT IN 1960s

Rapid rural appraisal (RRA)Rapid rural appraisal (RRA)

Participatory rural appraisal (PRA)Participatory rural appraisal (PRA)

(Development of tools that helped farmers to collect, (Development of tools that helped farmers to collect, analyze, and present their own data and information)analyze, and present their own data and information)

Participatory learning and action (PLA)Participatory learning and action (PLA)(Participation should not only be limited to rural (Participation should not only be limited to rural

appraisals and the approach has learning for action appraisals and the approach has learning for action as its basic essence)as its basic essence)

DEVELOPED IN1980sDEVELOPED IN1980s

A PRA/PLA field exercise is not only for information A PRA/PLA field exercise is not only for information and idea generation, but it is about analysis and and idea generation, but it is about analysis and learning by local people. learning by local people. It is about building a process of participation, of It is about building a process of participation, of discussion, communication, and conflict resolution. discussion, communication, and conflict resolution. The outsider’s role is that of a catalyst, a facilitator, The outsider’s role is that of a catalyst, a facilitator, and convenor of that process within a community and convenor of that process within a community RRA/PRA/PLA therefore basically aims at a process RRA/PRA/PLA therefore basically aims at a process that empowers local people to change their own that empowers local people to change their own conditions and situations. It is intended to enable conditions and situations. It is intended to enable them to conduct their own analysis to plan and to them to conduct their own analysis to plan and to take action.take action.

CONCEPT OF PRA/PLACONCEPT OF PRA/PLA

PRINCIPLES OF PRA/PLAPRINCIPLES OF PRA/PLA

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

INTERDICIPLINARY TEAMINTERDICIPLINARY TEAM

FLEXIBILITYFLEXIBILITY

OPTIMAL IGNORANCEOPTIMAL IGNORANCE

TRIANGULATIONTRIANGULATION

TOOLS OF PRA/PLATOOLS OF PRA/PLA

SOCIAL MAPPING (Resource & Threat)SOCIAL MAPPING (Resource & Threat)

TRANSECT WALKTRANSECT WALK

TREND ANALYSISTREND ANALYSIS

INCOME AND EXPENDITURE CHARTS (INCOME AND EXPENDITURE CHARTS (Wealth Ranking)Wealth Ranking)

CHAPATI DIAGRAMCHAPATI DIAGRAM

SEASONALITY DIAGRAMSEASONALITY DIAGRAM

ROADS & ROADS & LANESLANES

REGIST. REGIST. DOCTORSDOCTORS

BANKBANK

AANGANWAAANGANWADIDI

PANCHYAT PANCHYAT GHARGHAR

SHGSHG

CHAPPATI DIAGRAMCHAPPATI DIAGRAM

COMMUNITYCOMMUNITYPOLICIESPOLICIES

AWARENESSAWARENESS

RATION RATION SHOPSSHOPS

GOVT.GOVT.

SCHOOL SCHOOL FUNCTIONINGFUNCTIONING

General analysis of a specific topic, General analysis of a specific topic, question, or problem;question, or problem;Needs assessment;Needs assessment;Identification and establishment of priorities Identification and establishment of priorities for development or research activities;for development or research activities;Monitoring and evaluation of development or Monitoring and evaluation of development or research activities; andresearch activities; andIdentification of conflicting interests between Identification of conflicting interests between groups.groups.

PRA/PLA CAN BE USED FOR:PRA/PLA CAN BE USED FOR:

BENEFITS OF PRA METHODSBENEFITS OF PRA METHODS

Empowerment of the local peopleEmpowerment of the local people

Securing active involvement of the communitySecuring active involvement of the community

Creating a culture of open learning with each Creating a culture of open learning with each other and with community membersother and with community members

Setting research prioritiesSetting research priorities

Setting participatory extension programSetting participatory extension program

Policy reviewPolicy review

Difficulty in getting exact informationDifficulty in getting exact informationDifficulty in finding the right questions to askDifficulty in finding the right questions to askNot enough time to spend in the villageNot enough time to spend in the villageDanger of ‘rural development tourism’Danger of ‘rural development tourism’Difficulty in finding the right interdisciplinary teamDifficulty in finding the right interdisciplinary teamLack of experience of team members, particularly Lack of experience of team members, particularly lack of skills in the field of communication, lack of skills in the field of communication, facilitation, and conflict negotiationfacilitation, and conflict negotiationTeam members do not show the right attitude, fail Team members do not show the right attitude, fail to listen, and lack respectto listen, and lack respect

DANGERS AND LIMITATIONS OF DANGERS AND LIMITATIONS OF PRA/PLAPRA/PLA

Overlooking opinions and demands of women, Overlooking opinions and demands of women, particularly by male team membersparticularly by male team membersLack of institutional support and an open learning Lack of institutional support and an open learning environment within organizations (centers, departments)environment within organizations (centers, departments)PRA becoming a fashionable label to satisfy public, PRA becoming a fashionable label to satisfy public, institutional, or donor expectations for ‘participatory’ institutional, or donor expectations for ‘participatory’ approachesapproachesVillagers are occupied with farm workVillagers are occupied with farm workVillagers give unrealistic answers to receive more Villagers give unrealistic answers to receive more support (sometimes be the village headman)support (sometimes be the village headman)Actors involved in PRA research for action activities are Actors involved in PRA research for action activities are not neutralnot neutral

DANGERS AND LIMITATIONS OF DANGERS AND LIMITATIONS OF PRA/PLAPRA/PLA

SOURCESSOURCES

Books:Books: Mukherji, NeelaMukherji, Neela

Participatory Rural Appraisal: Methodology & Participatory Rural Appraisal: Methodology & ApplicationsApplications

Good, W. and Hatt, PGood, W. and Hatt, P

Methods in Social ResearchMethods in Social Research Das, D.K. LalDas, D.K. Lal

Practice of Social Research: Social Work Practice of Social Research: Social Work Perspective.Perspective.

PRA/PLA Is effective because it PRA/PLA Is effective because it seeks to understand the survival seeks to understand the survival strategy of the community, appraise strategy of the community, appraise it and show ways to enhance the it and show ways to enhance the capability of that effort to ensure capability of that effort to ensure sustainability.sustainability.