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Present Simple. Structure and Use. Spanish and Valencian
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PRESENTSIMPLEESTRUCTURA ÚS
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
Subject + Verb + (Complements)
Subject + Verb + (Complements)
(3a Sing) Subject + Verb-s + (Complements)
They study English in the afternoon
She lives in Dublin
Present Simple
Singular
1
2
3
M
F
A
Plural
1
2
3
Affirmative
I play
You play
He plays
She plays
It plays
We play
You play
They playSPELLING
RULES
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Subject + Aux + not + (Verb) + (Complements)
Subject + do + not + Infinitive Verb + (Complements)
(3a Sing) Subject + does + not + Infinitive Verb + (Complements)
They don’t understand Chinese
Mary doesn’t work in the afternoon
Present Simple
Singular
1
2
3
M
F
A
Plural
1
2
3
Negative
I don’t play
You don’t play
He doesn’t play
She doesn’t play
It doesn’t play
We don’t play
You don’t play
They don’t play
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Aux + Subject + (Verb) + (Complements)?
Do + Subject + Infinitive Verb + (Complements)?
(3a Sing) Does + Subject + Infinitive Verb + (Complements)?
Do you smoke cigars?
Does Jennifer like Will?
Present Simple
Singular
1
2
3
M
F
A
Plural
1
2
3
Interrogative
Do I play?
Do you play?
Does he play?
Does she play?
Does it play?
Do we play?
Do you play?
Do they play?
SHORT ANSWERSYes, P. Subject + Aux
No, P. Subject + Aux + notYes, + Pron. Subject + do / No, + Pron. Subject + don’t
(3a Sing) Yes, + Pron. Subject + does / No, + Pron. Subject + doesn’t
Yes, we do / No, we don’t
Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t
Present Simple
Singular
1
2
3
M
F
A
Plural
1
2
3
Short Answers
Yes, I do
Yes, you do
Yes, he does
Yes, she does
Yes, it does
Yes, we do
Yes, you do
Yes, they do
No, I don’t
No, you don’t
No, he doesn’t
No, she doesn’t
No, it doesn’t
No, we don’t
No, you don’t
No, they don’t
Affirmative Negative
Present SimpleAffirmative Negative Interrogative Short Answers
Singular
1 I play I don’t play Do I play?Yes, I do
No, I don’t
2 You play You don’t play Do you play?Yes, you do
No, you don’t
3
M He plays He doesn’t play Does he play?Yes, he does
No, he doesn’t
F She plays She doesn’t play Does she play?Yes, she does
No, she doesn’t
A It plays It doesn’t play Does it play?Yes, it does
No, it doesn’t
Plural
1 We play We don’t play Do we play?Yes, we do
No, we don’t
2 You play You don’t play Do you play?Yes, you do
No, you don’t
3 They play They don’t play Do they play?Yes, they do
No, they don’t
PRESENT SIMPLE: ÚS
• Hàbits i rutines: Per parlar de coses que passen habitualment o amb regularitat i descriure rutines de cada dia, setmana, etc. Solen anar acompanyats d’un adverbi o expressió de freqüència:
I visit my aunt every dayVisite la meua tia tots els diesVisito a mi tía todos los días
It often rains in OctoberSovint plou a l'octubre
A menudo llueve en octubre
PRESENT SIMPLE: ÚS
• Per tal d'expressar fets, veritats generals i definicions:
Water freezes at 0 degreesL'aigua es congela a zero graus
El agua se congela a cero grados
Tle Ebro flows into the MediterraneanL'Ebre desemboca en el Mediterrani
El Ebro desemboca en el Mediterráneo
PRESENT SIMPLE: ÚS
• Per expressar situacions permanents:My grandparents live in Rome
Els meus iaios viuen a Roma
Mis abuelos viven en Roma
PRESENT SIMPLE: ÚS• Amb verbs d’estat (verbs que indiquen un estat en lloc d’una acció). Per indicar:
– Emocions i sentiments: (like agradar gustar, hate odiar odiar, need necessitar necesitar, love estimar, encantar amar, encantar, prefer preferir preferir, want voler querer, wish desitjar desear)
– Verbs dels sentits: hear sentir oír, see veure ver, smell olorar oler, touch tocar tocar, taste saber saber
– Possessió: have got tenir tener, own posseir poseer, belong to pertànyer a pertenecer a, possess posseir poseer
– Preu i mesura: cost costar costar, measure mesurar medir, weigh pesar pesar– processos i estats mentals: believe creure creer, doubt dubtar dudar, feel
sentir sentir, forget oblidar olvidar, guess endevinar adivinar, hope esperar esperar, imagine imaginar imaginar, know saber, conèixer saber, conocer, prefer preferir preferir, mean voler dir querer decir, realize adonar-se darse cuenta, recognize reconèixer reconocer, remember recordar recordar, suppose suposar suponer, think creure creer, understand entendre entender:
I love basketballM'encanta el bàsquet
Me encanta el baloncestoI don’t like fish
No m’agrada el peixNo me gusta el pescado
PRESENT SIMPLE: USO
• Hábitos y rutinas: Para hablar de cosas que pasan habitualmente o con regularidad y describir rutinas de cada día, semana, etc. Suelen ir acompañados de un adverbio o expresión de frecuencia:
I visit my aunt every dayVisite la meua tia tots els diesVisito a mi tía todos los días
It often rains in OctoberSovint plou a l'octubre
A menudo llueve en octubre
PRESENT SIMPLE: USO
• Para expresar hechos, verdades universales y definiciones:
Water freezes at 0 degreesL'aigua es congela a zero graus
El agua se congela a cero grados
Tle Ebro flows into the MediterraneanL'Ebre desemboca en el Mediterrani
El Ebro desemboca en el Mediterráneo
PRESENT SIMPLE: USO
• Para expresar situaciones permanentes:My grandparents live in Rome
Els meus iaios viuen a Roma
Mis abuelos viven en Roma
PRESENT SIMPLE: USO• Con verbos de estado (verbos que indican un estado en vez de una acción). Para
indicar: – Emociones y sentimientos: (like agradar gustar, hate odiar odiar, need
necessitar necesitar, love estimar, encantar amar, encantar, prefer preferir preferir, want voler querer, wish desitjar desear)
– Verbos de los sentidos: hear sentir oír, see veure ver, smell olorar oler, touch tocar tocar, taste saber saber
– Posesión: have got tenir tener, own posseir poseer, belong to pertànyer a pertenecer a, possess posseir poseer
– Precio y medida: cost costar costar, measure mesurar medir, weigh pesar pesar
– Procesos y estados mentales: believe creure creer, doubt dubtar dudar, feel sentir sentir, forget oblidar olvidar, guess endevinar adivinar, hope esperar esperar, imagine imaginar imaginar, know saber, conèixer saber, conocer, prefer preferir preferir, mean voler dir querer decir, realize adonar-se darse cuenta, recognize reconèixer reconocer, remember recordar recordar, suppose suposar suponer, think creure creer, understand entendre entender:
I love basketballM'encanta el bàsquet
Me encanta el baloncestoI don’t like fish
No m’agrada el peixNo me gusta el pescado
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