Preparing an Outline and Bibliography

A simple question:

How to builda building?

LESSON 2:Preparing Outlines and Bibliographies

OUTLINING: LAYING THE FOUNDATIONS

The outline should be a reflection of an essay’s thesis statement, and in turn, will guide the writer as to whatdetails are supposed to be includedin an essay.

Outlines are used in determiningthe structure of an academic paper.

Note:

When outlining, make sure that the main headings and sub- headings should at

least come in pairs.

Let’s take a look at the example…

TWO TYPES OF

OUTLINES

TOPIC OUTLIN

E

SENTENCE OUTLINE

makes use of completesentences

makes use of key words and phrases

TITLE: Properties of Magnets

I. Attracts objects which are magnetic in nature.

A. Illustration of the principle

B. The composition of magnets

C. How to create magnets

D. Counter examples of magnets

E. Origin of magnets

II. Like poles repel, unlike pole attract

III. Freely hanging magnets align in one direction

A. Illustration

B. The principle behind illustration

IV. Poles occur in pairs

OUTLINE’S TITLE

MAIN HEADINGS

CONTENTS

reiterates the propertydescribed

Remember:

• Always make sure that your outlinecorresponds to the contents of the textitself.

• You may produce an outline prior to writing an essay to determine how and what you want to write.

• Sub-headings should at least come in pairs.

• Two types of outlines are topic outlineand sentence outline.

Let’s try to make an outline!

BIBLIOGRAPHY LIST: TRADITIONAL AND ANNOTATED

BIBLIOGRAPHYA list of materials that were used or will be used in the

composition of a academic or professional piece.

The entries are encoded using the prescribed format in a particular discipline

American Psychological

Association (APA)

Modern Language

Association (MLA)

Other formats are also used at times depending on the requirement

prescribed by the instructor of a subjector an editor.

Bagherkazemi, M., & Alemi, M. (2010). Literature in the ESL/

EFL classroom: Consensus and controversy. Linguistic and

Literary Broad Research and Innovation. 1 (1), 1-12.

Author’s name/s Year of publication

Title of the articleVolume number

Issue numberPages where

the article apprears

SAMPLE APA FORMAT

ARTICLE FROM AN ACADEMIC JOURNAL

Brown, H.D. (1994). Principles of language learning and

teaching (3rd ed.) Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall

Regents.


Title of the bookEdition

Place of publication

SAMPLE APA FORMAT

BOOK

Publisher

Zhou, N. Z. (2009). ‘Learning to Know’ as a pillar of education

in the twenty-first century: An interpretation of its meaning and

implications. In L. Quisimbing and M.L. Baybay, eds.

Learning to Know for a Peaceful and Sustainable Future.

Philippines: UNESCO-APNIEVE.


Title of the article

Title of the book

Editors

SAMPLE APA FORMAT

ARTICLE FROM ANTHOLOGY

Place of Publication

Barry, Peter. ‘Feminist Criticism. ’ Beginning theory: An

introduction to literary and cultural theory. 2nd Edition.

UK: Manchester University Press, 2001. 121-138. Print.

Author’s name/s

Title of the chapter

Edition

Title of the Book

SAMPLE MLA FORMAT

CHAPTER FROM A BOOK


Publisher

Year of Publication

Pages where the article appears

Medium

Harpham, Geoffrey Galt. ‘Ethics.’ Critical Terms for Literary

Study. Eds. Lentricchia, Frank and Thomas McLaughlin.

Chicago: UC Press, 1995. 387-405. Print.

Author’s name/s

Title of the essay

Title of the Book

SAMPLE MLA FORMAT

ESSAY FROM AN ANTHOLOGY



Medium

Editors

Labastilla, Vivien. ‘Black Mamba.’ Diliman Review. 59. 1-4.

(2013): 134-151. Print.

Author’s name/s

Title of the work

Volume and issue

Year of Publication

SAMPLE MLA FORMAT

ESSAY FROM AN ANTHOLOGY

medium

Title of the

Journal


An annotated bibliography, on the other hand, may

be written either on a set of cards, a table, or simply

typed out in a word processor. Below each entry in an

annotated bibliography are the summary and other

pertinent details about a topic being studied.

Preparing this will greatly help in organizing the

ideas found in your readings. Study the two samples

from an annotated bibliography, and choose which

style you would prefer.

Brand, A.G., & Powell, J.L. (1986). Emotions and the Writing Process: A

Description of Apprentice Writers: the Journal of Education Research. 79 (5), 280-

285.

This study documents the emotional dynamics of students as they compose

essays. One of the significant findings of this study is that positive emotions are

associated with composing for leisurely purposes while negative emotions are

associated with composing for academic purposes.

More research is needed on how emotional states affect the written output.

Only questionnaires were used. Further studies could employ think-aloud

protocol and stimulated recall sessions in order to accurately document the

emotional dynamics of students during the composing process.

SAMPLE TRADITIONAL ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAHYBibliographic entry

Suggestions for future research are noted by the student.

This contains the abstract or summary of the study

and its findings.

SAMPLE TRADITIONAL ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAHY

BIBLIOGRAPHIC

ENTRY

CONTEXT OF

RESEARCH AND

FINDINGS

RESEARCH GAP

REMAINING

METHODOLOGY

Brand, A.G., &

Powell, J.L. (1986).

Emotions and the

Writing Process: A

Desciption of

Apprentice Writers.

The Journal of

Educational

Research. 79 (5)

280-285.

Lack of research on

how emotions

affect the writing

process despite its

perceived

importance; effort

to come up with a

systematic report of

the emotions

involved in writing.

Investigating the

emotional profiles

of writers should

yield information

about emotional

patterns are

associated with

well-written

products.

Four

undergraduate

English classes;

questionnaires

on changes in

emotion.

Note:

The two samples represent the same reference, and, thus, the same information can be found in both. Only the presentation is different.

A bibliography allows a writer to give propercredit for quotes or key phrases that have been written and presented in his/her paper.