1. HISTORICALAND PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS A) Preliterate
societies B) Ancient Chinese Civilization C) Ancient Egypt 1)
Nurizyan Liyana bte Hamidon 2) Nur Nadhira Shazlyn bt Zulkifly 3)
Nik Norhanis Wahyu bt Nik Fauzi
2. What is Preliterate Societies? Society that does not have a
written language Education was achieved orally and through
observation and imitation They developed skills that grew into
cultural and educational patterns Using language, people learned to
create and use symbols, words, or signs to express their ideas For
informal education, parents, elders, and priests taught children
the skills and roles they would need as adults For a particular
groups culture to continue into the future, people had to transmit
it, or pass it on, from adults to children
3. Ancient Chinese Civilization
4. During Shang Dynasty, yellow river valley is said to be
Cradle of Civilization. This is where the earliest Chinese
dynasties were based, then spread out over a vast area and went to
change the entire world. Much of Chinese culture, literature and
philosophy further developed during the Zhou Dynasty (1024-256
BCE). Imperial chinas reluctance to adapt technology from other
cultures isolated weakened it and by the 19th century, made it
vulnerable to foreign exploitation.
7. Legalism Chin dynasty + scholar Shih Huang Ti = imperial
Chinas official philosophy. Strict censorship to repress: 1) Taoism
2) Confucianism Purpose: impose their definition of Chinese culture
through indoctrination
8. Taoism Associated with Lao Tzu still influences Chinese
culture and education PURPOSE: to encourage the self- reflection
needed to find ones true self and become free of the control of
others Confucianism Confucius, founder of Confucianism (551-479
BCE) PURPOSE: to maintain a harmonious society in which everyone
clearly now her or his status, duties, and responsibilities and the
proper way of behaving toward others
9. CONFUCIANISM 1. Chinas official philosophy. 2. Ethical
system of character education emphasized civility such as polite,
correct and proper behaviour. 3. Believed a correct standard of
behaviour exist for every situation and that everyone should be
expected to observe that standard. 4. Confucian hierarchy defines a
person as a father, mother, brother, sister, ruler or subject. 5.
The community maintains its social harmony as all its members learn
and responsibly perform the behaviour their ranks require. 6.
Established an academy to prepare students as officials in Chinas
imperial government. 7. Not only elites from upper class families
can study in school but common man also use education as a path to
become a better man, known as gentlemen. 8. Confucian teacher is
entrusted with guarding and transmitting the cultural heritage to
maintain cultural continuity and social stability. 9.
Teacher-student relationships were formal and followed hierarchical
rules of approved behaviour.
10. THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GENTLEMEN AND PEASANT GENTLEMEN
PEASANT Considers what is right Considers what will pay Trusts in
justice Trusts in favour Generous and fair Biased and petty Looks
within for guidance Looks into others Easy to serve and hard to
please Hard to serve and easy to please
11. Chinas contribution to world and western education
developed comprehensive written examination Students prepared for
the examinations by studying ancient Chinese literature and
Confucian texts with master teachers Emphasized recalling
memorizing rather than solving Students had to examination, if they
failed, they were dismissed The educational and examination systems
were reserved exclusively for upper-class males
12. Source: Youtube
13. Ancient Egypt
14. Because of Nile Rivers, agriculture groups established
small village settlements on the riverbanks and organized tribal
kingdoms.
15. WHO IS PHARAOH? 1) The most powerful person in ancient
Egypt. 2) It was the name for king and the son of the god Ra. 3)
The political and religious leader of Egyptian people. 4) They
believed that he was not only the King but also a god. 5) At the
death, he became Osiris and would help them in their
afterlife.
16. Concept of King-priest
17. Religious and Secular Concerns Educationally, the Egyptians
were both worldly and otherworldly. Although preoccupied with the
supernatural, they also developed technologies to irrigate the Nile
Valley and to design and build Egypts massive pyramids and
temples.
18. Source: Youtube
19. To administer and defend their vast empire, they studied
civil administration. Their obsession with mummification led them
to study medicine, anatomy, and embalming.
20. MUMMIFICATION STORY http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/mum
mies/story/main.html
21. Source: Youtube
22. Writing system They left so many writings in the form of
pictures on the walls of tombs and pyramids.
23. Source: Youtube
24. Writing system Known as hieroglyphs. Written in columns
from left to right. Used in tombs and for religious purposes. Two
languages were developed in Egypt for business and everyday use.
They were known as Hieratic and Demotic. From these two languages,
a later language, known as Coptic was developed. The teaching of
writing and reading then became an important feature of schooling
that has persisted through the centuries.
25. Education Children stayed with their mothers until age 4 At
the age of 4, education of the boys was taken over by their fathers
Some children at this time, attended a general village school (low
level of education)
26. Children from upper class family attended a school that
were designed for a specific career such as scribe.
27. After finished school, sons typically followed in the same
area that their father practiced. a) For example, at the age of 14,
sons of farmers or craftsmen joined their fathers in their
professions. Sons whose parents had higher status careers continued
their education at special schools usually attached to temples or
governmental centres. At higher level of education, they learned
Instruction of Wisdom, which included lessons on ethics and
morality. They also focused on skills needed for higher status
positions such as doctor or scribe. The educational track that a
student followed was typically determined by the position that the
father held in society.
28. Very few careers were available for women. Women had to
stay at home. They trained for motherhood and on how to be a good
wife.
29. Some girls could train to be dancers, entertainers,
weavers, or bakers. Only the daughters of wealthy family received
education in reading or writing.
30. Temple and court schools Egypt required an educated
bureaucracy to administer the empire and collect taxes. By 2700
BCE, the Egyptians had established an extensive system of temple
and court schools to train scribes, in reading and writing. Many of
them were priests. Special advanced schools prepared priests,
government officials, and physicians.
31. Educating Scribes In the scribal schools, students (male
from upper class) learned to write hieroglyphic script by copying
documents on papyrus, sheets made from reeds, which growing along
the Niles river. Teachers say or read aloud any religious or
technical texts, and the students need to copy what they heard.
This is to reproduce a correct, exact copy of a text. Usually,
students would chant a short passage until they had memorized it
thoroughly. Advanced students studied mathematics, astronomy,
religion, poetry, literature, medicine, and architecture.
32. Major purpose of education in Egypt To transmit and
approved rendition of the cultural heritage that was constructed by
the religious and political elite To reproduce dominant leadership
elite To transmit skills such as reading and writing and higher
studies such as embalming, medicine, civil administration, and
architecture
