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Pre-modern European Migrations: Germanic Migrations Map of German tribes, from Peter Heather, The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians. •Early Germanic culture • Jastorf culture • Przeworsk culture • Many tribes—the Quadi, Marcomanni, Cherusci, Burgundiones, Goths, Franks, Alamans/Alans, Sueves/Suebi • Rome’s Germani

Pre-Modern European Migrations the Germans Part 1 - By Dr. Lizabeth Johnson

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Page 1: Pre-Modern European Migrations the Germans Part 1 - By Dr. Lizabeth Johnson

Pre-modern European Migrations: Germanic MigrationsMap of German tribes, from Peter Heather, The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians.

• Early Germanic culture• Jastorf culture• Przeworsk culture• Many tribes—the Quadi,

Marcomanni, Cherusci, Burgundiones, Goths, Franks, Alamans/Alans, Sueves/Suebi• Rome’s Germani

Page 2: Pre-Modern European Migrations the Germans Part 1 - By Dr. Lizabeth Johnson

Left—Przeworsk cultural dress; center—reconstructed outfits from the Iron Age; male and female Vandal dress; right—a burial urn. In the Archaeological Museum, Krakow, Poland.

Page 3: Pre-Modern European Migrations the Germans Part 1 - By Dr. Lizabeth Johnson

Map of early Germanic migrations, from Penguin Atlas of World History, volume 1. Red-settlements before 750 BC; dark tan-settlements by 500 BC; light tan-settlements by 250 BC; green-settlements by 1 AD.

• Early migrations due to overpopulation, desire for better land, tribal conflict, desire to explore???• Later migrations due to

contact with Rome (desire for luxury goods) and fear of other powerful tribes (desire for Roman protection)

Page 4: Pre-Modern European Migrations the Germans Part 1 - By Dr. Lizabeth Johnson

Pre-modern European Migrations: Germanic Migrations

• Germans and Romans• The migration of the Cimbri and Teutoni, c. 115-105 BC

• Fought and defeated by Marius in 102-101 • Julius Caesar’s Gallic wars, 58-51 BC

• Ambiorix and the Eburones• Destruction of legion led by Sabinus and Cotta by the Eburones, 54 BC• Caesar’s campaign against the Eburones, 53-51 BC

• The battle of Teutoburg Forest, 9 AD• Arminius and the Cherusci• Loss of three legions under leader Varus

• ~20,000 men including auxiliary troops• Campaign of Germanicus from 14-16/17 AD

Page 5: Pre-Modern European Migrations the Germans Part 1 - By Dr. Lizabeth Johnson

Left—map of Roman activity in Germany (Kalikriese was the site of the battle of Teutoburg Forest, 9 AD; right—reconstruction of battle site (1 kilometer of land between the hill and a bog).

Page 6: Pre-Modern European Migrations the Germans Part 1 - By Dr. Lizabeth Johnson

Left—Kalkriese mask, Kalkriese Museum; right—cenotaph of Marcus Caelius and his two freedmen, now in the Rheinisches Landesmuseum, Bonn.

Page 7: Pre-Modern European Migrations the Germans Part 1 - By Dr. Lizabeth Johnson

Left—the Minerva bowl, from the Hildesheim Treasure, Altes Museum, Berlin; right—gold coin of Augustus, minted 2 BC.

Page 8: Pre-Modern European Migrations the Germans Part 1 - By Dr. Lizabeth Johnson

Pre-modern European Migrations: Germanic MigrationsMap from Lynn Hunt, The Making of the West, Volume 1, 3rd edition.

• Establishment of the Rhine and Danube Rivers as Rome’s northern borders• Tacitus’ Germania, c. 100 AD• Marcus Aurelius and the First

and Second Marcomannic Wars, 166-173, 176-180• Foederati and auxilia

• Caracalla’s German campaign, 213-214