PRE MODERN HUMAN FINDS

By: Silvia Gaitan

Walk through time…

Four Fields of Anthropology: By Silvia Gaitan

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Sahelanthroupu stchadensis

Age: 6-7 MYA

Location Found: Sahara

desert

Discovered by: Ahounta

Djimdoumalbaye in 2001

Has the characteristics of

later hominids although it

has very primitive apelike

features such as the large

brow ridge, and smaller

brain size

Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan

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Orrion tugenensis4

Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan

Age: 6 MYA

Location Found: Western Kenya

Discovered by:

Strong evidence of both bipedal and brachiating

adaptation. The limbs are about 1.5 times longer than

Lucy’s suggesting that Orrion was about he size of a

chimpanzee.

Ardipithecus ramidus5

Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan

Feet

Age: 4.4 MYA

Location Found: Aramis in

Ethiopia

Discovered by: Discovered

by a team led by Tim White,

Berhane Asfaw and Gen

Suwa

Has strong evidence of being

bipedal, teeth are

intermediate with

characteristics of earlier

apes.

Australopithecus afarensis6

Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan

Age: 4.2 and 3.9 MYA

Location Found: Hadar, Ethiopia

Discovered by: Donald

Johanson

Cranial capacity varied from

about 375 to 550 cc., flat nose,

no chin. Bones show that they

where physically strong, signs

of sexual dimorphism. Finger

and toe bones are

proportionately longer than

humans, but . The skull is

simular to that of a chimpanzee

with the exception of more

humanlike teeth. Research

shows that they where partially

still adapted to climbimg trees.

Australopithecus anamensis7

Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan

Age: 4 MYA

Location Found: Kanapoi in Kenya

Discovered by: Bryan Patterson

Has primitive feature but very

humanlike, remains are still in

debate.

Kenyanthropus platyops8

Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan

Age: 3.5 and 3.2

MYA

Location Found:

Kenya

Discovered by: Justus

Erus

Debate as to if it is a

Kenyan version of A.

Afarensis. Has a

small face and flat

teeth. (Only the skull

was found)

Australopithicus garhi9

Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan

Age: 2.5 MYA

Location Found: Buori, Ethiopia

Discovered by: Yohannes Haile-

Selassie

Only know for the partial skull;

important features are extremly

large size of teeth especially the

rear ones. Shows apelike ration of

upper arms, but humanlike

features in the humerus and

femur.

Paranthropus aethiopicus10

Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan

Age: 2.5 MYA

Location Found: Southern

Ethiopia

Discovered by: Camille Arambourg and Yves

Coppens

Named as a new species due to V shaped jaw.

Skull is simular to a male afarenses however it

has a more developed masticatory apparatus

and has a flattened cranial base. Possibly part

of boisei lineage, more primitive than robustus.

Paranthropus boisei11

Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan

Age: 2.3 MYA

Location Found: Ethiopia

Discovered by: Mary Leaky

Has enlarged post canines

and is believed to be the end

point of lineage that was

adapted to high nascitory

stress. Theory is that boesie

dies out due to

overspecialization of foods

and could not adapt to the

rapidly changing

environment.

Australopithecus africanus12

Age: 2 and 3MYA

Location Found: Taung, South

Africa

Discovered by: Raymond Dart

Evidence showed that this was a

bipedal ancestor. Infant cranial

remain was found in a cave

deposit. Teeth found showed

smaller canines.

Darts find became popular but

was rejected until more fossils of

similar nature where

found.

Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan

Paranthropus robustus13

Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan

Age: 2.0 and 1.0 MYA

Location Found: South

Africa

Discovered by: Robert

Broom

robustus has been found in

three different locations:

Swartkrans, Dreimulen, and

Kromdraai . Has better

developed muscle markings

and more prominent tori.

Rubustas has been proven

to be an omnivore do to the

large postcanine size.

Homo habilis14

Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan

Age: 2.5 MYA

Location Found: Olduvai Gorge in

Tanzania

Discovered by: Louis

Leakey, Phillip Tobias, and John

Napier

Tools have been found at their sites

named Oldowan tools; they are

simple pebble tools from water

worn cobbles. Habilis has a larger

brain size. Oldowan tools where

used to remove meat from

carcasses. The larger brain and

tool utilization indicates higher

intellectual capacity.

Age: 1.2 MYA

Location Found: Trinil, Java

Discovered by: Eugene Dubois

When the skull was found

it was uncertain it was a human skull or that of

another species. It was later determined that

although the skull appeared

to be smaller and the thigh bone

was very similar it was in fact a

different species.

Compared to earlier hominids

it wit has a smaller face

cheeks and teeth with t hiker

cranial bones.

Homo erectus15

Age: 50,000YA

Location Found: France, Yugoslavia,

Belgium, and other locations in

Europe

Discovered by:

were short, thick-set people with

strong arms and legs, a large, slightly

sloping face with predominant brow

ridges and a nearly nonexistent chin,

and a braincase (more than 1450 cc)

larger than that of modern humans

(around 1350 cc). These features are

believed to have been an adaptation

to the cold weather and hunting

lifestyle

Homo neanderthalensis16

Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan

Early Modern Homo sapiens

Sites 17

Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan

East Africa:

Date of Fossil

(years ago)

Herto, Middle Awash 160,000-154,000

Omo 1 195,000

Laetoli 120,000

South Africa:

Border Cave 115,000-90,000

Klasies River Mouth 90,000

Israel:

Skhul and Qafzeh 92,000-90,000

Australia:

Lake Mungo 60,000-46,000

Asia:

Ordos (Mongolia) 40,000-20,000 ?

Liujiang (China) 139,000-111,000 ?

Zhoukoudian upper cave

(China)27,000

Europe:

Peştera cu Oase

(Romania)36,000-34,000

Combe Capelle (France) 35,000-30,000

Mladeč and Předmostí

(Czech Republic)35,000-25,000

Cro-Magnon (France) 27,000-23,000

Geographic Timescale 18

Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan

The Proterozoic

The Proterozoic Eon of

Precambrian Time: 2500 to

542 million years ago

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Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan

The Paleozoic Era

During the Paleozoic era things started to happen. The

Paleozoic era lasted about 325 million years .

During the Paleozoic there were six major continental land

masses. Each of these continental masses consisted of different

parts of the modern continents accompanied with shallow seas

across their interiors .

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Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan

Mesozoic & Cenozoic

During the Mesozoic era the supercontinents Laurasia and

Gondwana collided, to form the super-duper continent Pangea.

Pangea means “all earth”.

Cenozoic Era: During this era placental mammals developed. In

addition to the plates drifting apart ass seen on the globe to the

right.

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Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan

Pangea22

Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan

References23

Brunet M., Guy F., Pilbeam D., Mackay H.T., Likius A., Djimboumalbaye A.

et al. (2002): A new hominid from the upper Miocene of Chad, central

Africa. Nature, 418:145-51.

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/paleozoic/paleozoic.html

http://library.thinkquest.org

www.columbia.edu/.../ web/paranth/paranth.html

http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/specimen.html#anamensis

Pre Modern Human Finds By Silvia Gaitan