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PRESENTATION

ON

“DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT IN J & K WITH SPECIAL REFFERENCE TO 2014 - FLOODS”

by

Dr. Mohammad Amin MirAssistant Professor

Department of Commerce & Management StudiesIslamia College of Science & Commerce, Srinagar

Jammu & Kashmir

Contact No: +91-9797178402

Email ID: aamin.icsc@gmail.com

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Introduction About the Study

A formal effort is made to highlight the Imperative roleof Disaster Risk Management in J & K which webelieve has the potential to reduce the losses anddamages drastically brought about by disastersespecially recent floods of September – 2014 and

To recommend some of the pragmatic measures toassure prompt and appropriate assistance to victims ofdisaster, and achieve rapid and effective recovery

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Objectives of the Study

To understand the KEY CONCEPTS and ELEMENTS ofDisaster Risk Management and its need

To identify the MAJOR DISASTERS prone to the state of J & K

To identify the ORGANISATIONS AND AUTHORITYinvolved in the pre-disaster and post-disaster activities in J &K

To identify and assess the LOSSES occurring due to disastersin valley and

To suggest the ways to MINIMISE THE LOSSES due to disasterin future

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Methodology of the Study

Mainly based on secondary sources

The primary data was collected by means of randomsurvey to many flood hit areas and unstructuredinterviews

Use of secondary data has been obtained from manyGovt annual reports, articles, research papers, books,internet etc.

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Limitations of the Study

The study was conducted during floods so some sort ofdisturbances were inevitable

Since there is no well-established DisasterManagement department in the valley so we couldn’tget the reliable and organised data

Primary information was collected directly from floodvictims so what they conveyed may be biased

Our recommendations regarding disasters may notprove useful as every disaster has its own and uniquevulnerability and risk

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Introduction to Disaster Risk Management

Disaster - “A serious disruption in the functioning ofthe community or a society causing wide spreadmaterial loss”

Disaster is a result from the combination of Hazardsand vulnerability

DISASTER =HAZARDS * VULNERABILITY

Disaster Risk Management (DRM ) includes almost allkinds of activities, which includes strength and alsonon-structural actions to prevent hazards .

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TYPES OF DISASTERS

NATURAL DISASTERS

MAN INDUCED DISASTERS

CIVIL DISORDER

ARSON

CRIME

WAR

FLOODS

EARTHQUAKES

WITER STORMS AND COLD

LANDSLIDES

TSUNAMIS TERRORISM

Disaster Risk Management

Is an ORGANIZED PROCEDURE for making use ofmanagement decisions, organization, functionalabilities and also sizes in order to put into actionpolicies, methods and also dealing sizes from themodern society or even visitors to reduce the actualblows regarding organic and also associatedsurroundings and also technical danger.

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Components of Disaster Management

1. Preparedness

2. Response

3. Recovery

4. Prevention

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Stages of Disaster

Floods - 2014

Well Before

Weeks-Months

Just Before -Hours

Actual Time Period

Rescue Rehabilitation Relief Reconstruction

BEFORE AFTERDURING

July-August September October (Onwards)

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Disaster Preparedness

It involves measures to ensure that communities andservices are capable of coping with the effect of disaster.

EXAMPLES

1. Community awareness and education

2. Proper warning system

3. Mutual aid arrangement

4. Mock drill, training practice

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Disaster Response

It involves measures taken in anticipation of, duringand immediately after a disaster to ensure that theeffects are minimized.

Disaster Recovery

It involves measures, which support emergency affected areas in reconstruction of the physical infrastructure and restoration of economic and emotional well being.

EXAMPLES

1. Restoring services like roads, communication link

2. Providing financial support employment3. Reconstructing damaged buildings

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Prevention and Mitigation

It involves measures to eliminate or reduce theincidence of severity of disasters.

EXAMPLES :

1. Preventing habitation in risk zones

2. Disaster resistant buildings

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PreventionRescue

Structural

Measures

Warning and

Evacuation

Non-Structural

Measures

Planning of

Disaster

Response

Reconstruct.

&

Recovery

Risk Analysis

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

MITIGATION RESPONSE

Risk

Assessment

Preparedness

Hazard

Assessment

Vulnerability

Analysis Relief

Rehab

LONG TERM

MEASURES

DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONTINUUM

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Disaster Management Act, 2005

In order to Coordinate Central Govt efforts in Preparedness,

Prevention, Response, Mitigation, Relief and Rehabilitation and

for adoption of a Holistic Pro-active Approach to Disaster

Management.

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (NDMA) has

come into being by an Act of Parliament in 26th December 2005

under the Chairmanship of Prime Minister as the NODAL

AGENCY for Disaster Management in the Country

This act has provided the legal and institutional frameworkfor disaster management in India at the National, State andDistrict levels.

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CABINET COMMITTEE ON

MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL

CALAMITIES

HIGH LEVEL COMMITTEE

CABINET COMMITTEE ON

SECURITY

NATIONAL CRISIS MANAGEMENT

COMMITTEE

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER

MANAGEMENT

NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE

NDMA PLANNING

COMMISSION

OTHER MINISTRIES/

DEPARTMENTS

ARMED FORCES

Ministry of Home Affairs

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE

GOVT OF INDIA

NATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION RESOURCE

CENTRE

STATES/ UTs GOVTs

SDMAs

STATE DISASTER

RESPONSE FORCE

MINISTRIES/

DEPARTMENTSDEPARTMENT

OF HOME

HOME GUARD

CIVIL DEFENCE

POLICE

DISTRICTS

DEPARTMENTS HOME GUARD CIVIL DEFENCE POLICE & FIRE SERVICESDDMAs

LOCAL BODIES/ AUTHORITIES COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

FIRE SERVICES

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NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (NDMA)

CHAIRMAN

(PRIME MINISTER)

VICE CHAIRMAN

CABINET COMMITTEE

ON SECURITY

CABINET COMMITTEE ON MANAGEMENT OF

NATURAL CALAMITIES

POLICIES, PREVENTION, MITIGATION & PREPAREDNESS

MEMBER

MEMBER

MEMBER MEMBER MEMBER MEMBER

SECRETARY NDMA

CAPACITY BUILDING, COMMUNICATIONS & NEOC WING DISASTER MANAGEMENT WING

NATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRES

NATIONAL EXECUTIVE

COMMITTEE

NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE

NATIONAL

INSTITUTE OF

DISASTER

MANAGEMENT

MEMBER

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Disaster Management Wing

Financial

Advisor

International

CooperationMitigation &

PreparednessPolicies &

Plans

Media & Public

Preparedness

PlansPoliciesAccounts

& AuditsFinance

Project

Formulation &

Preparedness

Project

Monitoring

Media &

Information

Community

Preparedness

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Capacity Building & Communications System

CAPACITY BUILDING COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

Operations & Logistics Systems & KMCommunicationsCapacity Building

Control

RoomLogistics

Coordina

tion

Strategic

Planning

& Policy

Scenario

Building

Operational

Commns

Logistics

Network

IT &

Systems

Knowledge

Management

& IDRN

Network

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Financial Arrangements (Over 5 years)

Grants:13th Finance commission - SDRF : Rs. 33, 581 Crore

(2010-15 ) NDRF : Rs 17,360 Crore

Capacity Building Grant : Rs. 525 Crore

Disaster Response Reserve : Rs. 250 Crore-

to be constituted

Revamping of Fire Services (` 87519 crore to ULBs),apportion of which available for Fire Services.

Plan Schemes-• Strengthening of Fire and Emergency Services Rs. 700

crore• Revamping of Civil Defence Rs. 300 crore

Non Plan Scheme-• Financial Assistance to ATIs/other training institutes (

@30 Lakhs/per institute)/@ 25 lakh/centre of Excellence Externally Aided Projects:

• GOI-UNDP DRR Programme - (MHA/NDMA)• NCRMP ( Rs.1496.71 Crore) - (NDMA/Odisha & AP)• GOI-USAID DMS Project - (MHA/NIDM/Trg.

Institutes)21

National Disaster Response Force

• NDRF consists of 8 battalions, with 144 self sustaining teams for rendering

effective response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster.

• Four battalions are for natural disasters and four for NBC.

• NBC battalions will also be trained in combating natural disasters.

• The force will be equipped with State of the Art equipment and will be

deployed in anticipatory manner to provide instantaneous response.

• It will work under NDMA and will be located at nine vulnerable locations.

• They will maintain close liaison with the State Governments and will

be available to them automatically, thus, avoiding long procedural delays.

• Four Training Centres have been set up by PMF to train their respective NDRF

Battalions.

• They will also meet the requirement of States/ UTs.

• NDRF Battalions will impart basic training to State Disaster Response Force in

their respective locations.22

Tools of Disaster Management

Hazard Management and Vulnerability Reduction

Economic Diversification

Political Intervention

Public Awareness.

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Technologies of Disaster Risk Management

Mapping

Communication

Information management system

Aerial photography

Remote sensing

Epidemiology

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KASHMIR FLOODS : 2014

)

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Kashmir Floods -2014

KASHMIR FLOODS : 2014

The J & K State and adjoining areas received heavyrainfall from 2nd September 2014.

Both Jehlum & Chenab River were flowing above theirdanger levels

On 5th September, the Jhelum river in srinagarreported to be flowing at 22.40 feet (6.83m ) which was4.40 feet (1.34m ) above the Danger Mark and at 33 feet(10m) at sangham in Anantnag district above thedanger mark .

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State Disaster Risk Management Authorities in J & K

State Disaster Management Authority(SDMA)

Divisional and District Disaster Management Authority.

Local Authorities

Emergency Operation Centres

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IMPACT OF FLOODS on J & K Economy

Kashmir Saffron It suffers Rs. 668 Cr loss

Telecommunication Loss suffered by BSNL telecommunication sector is Rs 400 Cr

Tourism The infrastructural loss to the industry is about Rs . 175 Cr

Education Education has been affected badly .students lost everything their

homes,household,footwear,books and even uniforms.

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Existed on Paper But,

Enforcement Lacking.

Most Crucial Responder -

NOT Formally Part of

Response Plan.

Technological Shortfall -

Many Lives Could have

Been Saved.

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Future Challenges of September, 2014 - Floods

The first & Major challenge is health problem. Floodshave a impact on people’s psychosocial and mental health

The another big challenge is shelter & survival of thosepeople without home during this chilly & cold winter

There is the possibility of massive job cuts after floods inprivate sector. Therefore, managing unemployed youth isone of the big challenge before government

There is the possibility of Mismanagement and misuse offlood related funds (i.e. Rehabilitation andReconstruction) which may trigger massive agitation fromvarious quarters of the society

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CONCLUSIONS

That presently Disaster Management Mechanism inJ & K state is not in place

Implementation of what has been proposed bydifferent authorities and acts at Central and State levelhas been very slow

There is a great need of Introducing ModernTechnologies like Mapping, Remote Sensing, AerialPhotography and Early Warning System in the State

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RECOMMENDATIONS & SUGGESTIONS

Early warning System should be given installed infuture as the state has miserably failed to develop anysystem till date

Unplanned growth which obstructs natural drainageresulting in increased flood should be restricted

Afforestration should be encouraged by governmentamong people, NGOs, corporate sector, School &higher education departments

The Govt and State disaster work force must remainalways cautious. During recent floods Govt was notprepared at all.

There is the great need to strengthen weak bunds ofthe major rivers of J & K well in advance

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Contd ….

Proper river bank protection by constructingembankments and using anti-erosion measures shouldbe taken up on a large scale

Construction of residential colonies on river banks andflood plains should not be allowed and offendersshould be strictly dealt under law

Modern concepts & Technologies like Remote Sensing,Aerial Photography, Epidemiology and InformationManagement should be introduced in the states.

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Contd ….

Hydrology Studies in flood prone areas should be doneso as to avert severe impact of floods

Forecast and Warning Systems should be establishedin different districts of the state

Area Flood Mapping using Remote Sensing should beprepared in advance to make future preparednessplans and evacuation capabilities should be enhancedin the areas

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Contd ….

Incentives, subsidies, financial help or ensuring softloans with marginal interest rates from banks andother financial institutions for people to enable themto retrofit existing buildings should be encouraged

There is a great need for sensitization of people livingin vulnerable areas and spreading of awareness aboutsafe construction procedures

There is a need for Review and amendment of lawsand rules relating to constructions and buildings tomake it mandatory for observing building codes anddisaster related safety measures, guidelines of NDMA,SDMA and DDMAs in respect of new constructions.

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“EVERY DISASTER

MUST BE TREATED

AS AN

OPPORTUNITY TO BUILD BACK BETTER”

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THANK YOUfor your Patience

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