Powerpoint chapter 2 (di dino fuentes)

Summary of Chapter 2

Names:Gianna Di DinoAlexandra Fuentes

English Grammar II 1

TextA unit of meaning (semantic unit)Forms a unified wholeRealized by sentencesIt expresses simultaneously ideational,

interpersonal and textual meaningsHas texture (coherence and cohesion)


Cohesive resources

ReferenceLexical Cohesion Conjunctive cohesion


ReferenceRefers to how the writer/speaker

introduces topics and participants and keeps track on them along a text.

Participants are the people, places and things.

Only presuming participants create cohesion in a text.


Types of referenceHOMOPHORICEXOPHORICENDOPHORIC AnaphoricCataphoric Esphoric


Lexical Cohesion how words in a text relate to each otherhow the speaker/writer uses lexical items and

event sequences to relate the text to its area of focus or its field.

Operates between units which encode lexical content.

open-class and close-class items.kinds of lexical relations: Taxonomic lexical

(Classification and Composition) and ExpectancyA lexical string


Conjunctive cohesion Refers to the logical relationships that the

writer creates between the parts of a text.Different categories of conjunctive cohesion:ElaborationExtensionEnhancement May refer to external or internal Can be expressed explicitly or implicitly


Final thoughtsCohesion looks like the ‘glue’ that sticks the elements and therefore meanings together in a text.

“Cohesion expresses the continuity that exists between one part of the text and another” Halliday & Hasan


Education

Powerpoint chapter 2 (di dino fuentes)