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Polysemy & Meaning Tree - Innovative Vocabulary Learning - Jinsoo Kim

Polysemy(multiple meaning) and meaning tree

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Page 1: Polysemy(multiple meaning) and meaning tree

Polysemy & Meaning Tree- Innovative Vocabulary Learning -

Jinsoo Kim

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Why polysemy matters?

โ€ข Cognitive overloadโ€“ Many different meanings to memorize

โ€ข Cultural differenceโ€“ Meanings of a word look irrelevant to

SLL(Second Language Learner)

โ€ข Current study methodโ€“ One to one mapping

โ€ข First meaning dominance

โ€ข Lack of flexibility in usage

โ€ข Sequential search leads to long search time

โ€ข Incorrect use by misunderstanding

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RUN

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Irrelevancy among meanings of RUN

โ€ข ๋‘ ๋ฐœ๋กœ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค

โ€ข (์˜ท ๋“ฑ์— ์—ผ์ƒ‰๋œ) ๋ฌผ์ด ๋น ์ง€๋‹ค

โ€ข (์Šคํƒ€ํ‚น์˜) ์˜ฌ์ด ํ’€๋ฆฌ๋‹ค

โ€ข (์„ ๊ฑฐ์—) ์ถœ๋งˆํ•˜๋‹ค

โ€ข (์‚ฌ์—…์ฒด ๋“ฑ์„) ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋‹ค

โ€ข (์ˆ˜๋„ ๊ผญ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‹€์–ด ๋ฌผ์„) ๋ฐ›๋‹ค

โ€ข (๋ฒ„์Šค ๋“ฑ์ด ํŠน์ • ๋…ธ์„ ์œผ๋กœ) ์šดํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค

โ€ข (์–ผ๋งˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ) ์œ ํšจํ•˜๋‹ค

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Meaningful Relevant

Attention Memory

Efficient Language Learning

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One to one mapping

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That is the true genius of America. (Barak Obamaโ€™s keynote address at the 2004 DNC)

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Tonight, we gather to affirm the greatness of

our nation not because of the height of our

skyscrapers, or the power of our military, or

the size of our economy; our pride is based

on a very simple premise, summed up in a

declaration made over two hundred years

ago: "We hold these truths to be self-evident,

that all men are created equal, that they are

endowed by their Creator with certain

inalienable rights, that among these are life,

liberty and the pursuit of happiness."

That is the true genius of America, a faith...

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๋จน๋‹ค

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๋›ฐ๋‹ค RUN

(๊ณตํ†ต)

๋‘ ๋ฐœ๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅธ์†๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค

Rapid 2-legged

locomotion

์œ„๋กœ ์†Ÿ๊ตฌ์น˜๋‹คJump

(๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋›ฐ๋‹ค)Oil prices jump

์ผํ•˜๋‹คWork

(ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๋กœ ๋›ฐ๋‹ค)Work in the field

๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋‹คBeat

์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ฐ•๋™Heartbeat

๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œํ•ฉ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค(I ran her to the fence)

์ž…ํ›„๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค(run for mayor)

๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋‹ค(run a machine)

๊ทธ ๊ฐ•์€ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ํ๋ฅด๋‹ค(The river runs deep)

(ํŠน์ • ๋…ธ์„ ์œผ๋กœ) ์šดํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค(Buses to the hotel run

every hour.)

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Current Approaches to Polysemy

โ€ข Meaning Network

โ€“ Shows the relations among the meanings

โ€“ High complexity of relations

โ€“ Not practically applicable to learning

โ€ข Prototypical Meaning

โ€“ Easy to represent deep meanings

โ€“ Looks simple but not intuitive

โ€“ Not able to show the relations among the meanings of a word

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Ring

Meaning Network

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Meaning Network of Ring

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Run

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Run

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Prototypical Meaning - ์ด๊ธฐ๋™

์ง€๋‹ค

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Beat

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Beatโ€ข ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€์–ด๋–ค๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ์จ์„œ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์—๊ณ„์†์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‹ฟ์•„ํž˜์„๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š”๊ณผ์ •โ€“ He beat a drum.

โ€ข ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ๊ณผ์ •์—๋„ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์–ด์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ณด๋‹ค์‹œํ•ฉ์ด๋‚˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—์„œ์•ž์„œ๋Š”๊ด€๊ณ„โ€“ The boxer beat his rival.

โ€ข ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ๋‘๋“ค๊ธธ์ˆ˜์žˆ์Œ์€์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ณด๋‹คํž˜์ด๋‚˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด์„ธ๋‹ค๋Š”๋œป์œผ๋กœํ™•๋Œ€โ€“ The problem has beaten me.

โ€ข ์–ด๋–ค๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„๊ณ„์†์ ์œผ๋กœ์น˜๋ฉด์–ด๋–ค๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ฐ€์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋„์žˆ์Œโ€“ He beat his way through a thick forest.

โ€ข ์–ด๋–ค๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒˆ๋‘๋“ค๊ธฐ๋ฉด์ด๋ฌผ๊ฑด์—์ƒํƒœ์˜๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€์˜ฌ์ˆ˜์žˆ์Œโ€“ He beat the gold out.

โ€ข ์ž๋™์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•: ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์—†์ดํ–‰์œ„์ž๋งŒ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š”๊ด€๊ณ„โ€“ Some was beating at the door.

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Meaning Tree

โ€ข Leaf meaningโ€“ meanings of a word in a dictionary

โ€ข Vascular meaningโ€“ underlying meaning of leaf meaning

โ€ข Root meaningโ€“ fundamental meaning to start with

โ€ข Meaning branchโ€“ Sub-category of a meaning tree

โ€ข Meaning treeโ€“ categorized connection of leaf meanings based

on vascular meanings starting from root meaning

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Brain

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โ€ข Art gallery ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€

โ€ข Press gallery ๊ธฐ์ž์„

โ€ข Relatives of the victim watched from thepublic gallery as the murder charge wasread out in court. ๋ฐฉ์ฒญ์„

โ€ข Shooting gallery ์‚ฌ๊ฒฉ์žฅ

โ€ข Peanut gallery ์‹ธ๊ตฌ๋ ค ์ฒญ์ค‘

โ€ข The family sat up in the gallery 3๋“ฑ์„

โ€ข A long gallery with doors along each side ๊ธด ๋ฐฉ

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ํšŒ๋ž‘(covered walk)

๋ฐœ์ฝ”๋‹ˆ ๋ณต๋„

๊ตํšŒ์˜ ์ž…๊ตฌ(๊ฐ•๋‹จ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์œ„์น˜)

๋งจ ์œ„์ธต ๊ด€๋žŒ์„

3๋“ฑ์„ ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝ๊พผ

์ €๊ธ‰ ์ทจ๋ฏธ(๊ณจํ”„) ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝ๊พผ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€

๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ’ˆ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ดฌ์˜์†Œ

์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๊ฐฑ๋„์ž„์‹œ ๊ด€๋žŒ์„

Gallery

(๊ตํšŒ ํ™€ ๋”ฐ์œ„์˜๋ถˆ์‘ฅ ๋‚˜์˜จ) ๊ณ„๋ž‘

๊ธธ์ฃฝํ•œ ๋ฐฉ

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Gallery๋Š” Galilee์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๋ง๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™ผ์ชฝ์ง€๋„์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŒ”๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๋ถ์ชฝ ๋์—์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ธ๋ฐ ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตํšŒ ํ˜„๊ด€์ด ๋•Œ๋กœ gallery๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ตํšŒ ํ˜„๊ด€์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋“ฏ์ด ํšŒ๋ž‘๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฐ์„œ ํšŒ๋ž‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๊ณ  ํšŒ๋ž‘์˜ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ชจ์–‘์—์„œ ๋ณต๋„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณต๋„๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๊ธธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๊ฐฑ๋„๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ๊ธด ๋ฐฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ธด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์ „์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ „์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ’ˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํ…… ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ์„œ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ดฌ์˜์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฐ•๋‹จ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ ๊ณณ์— ๊ณ„๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ํŠ€์–ด ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์ขŒ์„์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ž‘์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋„ ๊ฐ•๋‹จ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์—์„œ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทน์žฅ์˜ ๋งจ ์œ„์ธต ๊ด€๋žŒ์„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ ํŠ€์–ด ๋‚˜์˜จ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ธ ๋ฐœ์ฝ”๋‹ˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ™”๋œ๋‹ค. ๋งจ ์œ„์ธต ๊ด€๋žŒ์„์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์‹ผ 3๋“ฑ์„์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์งˆ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ž„์‹œ ๊ด€๋žŒ์„๊ณผ 3๋“ฑ์„ ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  3๋“ฑ์„ ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ์€ ์ €๊ธ‰ ์ทจ๋ฏธ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด์ ธ ๊ณจํ”„๋‚˜ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค์˜ ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ์„๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

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๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์žฌ์ฃผ์ฒœ์žฌ

์ฒœ๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ๋Šฅ

(์ธ์ข…, ์–ธ์–ด, ์ œ๋„) ํŠน์ง•

(์‹œ๋Œ€, ๊ตญ๋ฏผ, ์‚ฌํšŒ) ์ •์‹ 

(๊ณ ์žฅ์˜) ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ

์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์‹ 

(ํ‰์ƒ ๋ถ™์–ด ๋‹ค๋‹Œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒ๋˜๋Š”) ์„ ์‹  ๋˜๋Š” ์•…์‹ 

๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ, ์šด๋ช…์—๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์•…๋ น

Genius

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์ด๊ธฐ๋‹ค

ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋‹ค์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜์—†๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‹ค

๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹คํ”ผํ•˜๋‹ค

(์„ธ๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์†) ๋‘๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค

๊ณ ๋™์น˜๋‹คํœ˜์ “๋‹ค

๋‘๋“ค๊ฒจ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค

(๊ฑธ์–ด ๋‹ค๋…€์„œ) ๊ธธ์„ ๋‚ด๋‹ค ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ

๋ฐ•์ž์ˆœ์ฐฐ

Beat

Beat the flour and milk together

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๋ฐ˜์ง€

๊ณ ๋ฆฌ

๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ์–‘

์›

๋‘ฅ๊ทผ ๋ชจ์–‘

์›ํ˜• ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ

(ํŠนํžˆ ๋น„๋ฐ€, ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•) ์ง‘๋‹จ

~์„์—์›Œ์‹ธ๋‹ค

๋‚˜์ดํ…ŒํŒ”์ฐŒ

์›ํ˜• ๋„๋กœ

๋ณต์‹ฑ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ

๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ

(๋‘ฅ๊ธ€๊ฒŒ) ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์•‰ํžˆ๋‹ค

Ring

An enclosure in which boxing and wrestlingmatches take place, usually consisting of asquare, canvas-covered platform withsurrounding ropes that are supported at eachcorner of posts

The heyday of the ring

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๋›ฐ๋‹ค

(๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ)๋›ฐ์–ด ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

(๊ฒฝ์ฃผ์—)์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค

(์‚ฌ์—…์ฒด ๋“ฑ์„)์šด์˜ํ•˜๋‹ค

(๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋ฅผ)๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค

(์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ฃผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ) ๋ชฐ๋‹ค

์ž‘๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค(๋ฒ„์Šค ๋“ฑ์ด ํŠน์ •

๋…ธ์„ ์œผ๋กœ) ์šดํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค(์Šน์šฉ์ฐจ๋กœ)ํƒœ์›Œ์ฃผ๋‹ค

(ํŠนํžˆ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ) ์›€์ง์ด๋‹ค

(ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ)์ด์–ด์ง€๋‹ค

(์–ผ๋งˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ)๊ณ„์†๋˜๋‹ค

(์–ผ๋งˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ)์œ ํšจํ•˜๋‹ค

(์–ธ๊ธ‰๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—)์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋‹ค

(์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด)~๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค

ํ๋ฅด๋‹ค

(์ˆ˜๋„ ๊ผญ์ง€๋ฅผํ‹€์–ด ๋ฌผ์„)๋ฐ›๋‹คํฅ๊ฑดํ•˜๋‹ค

(์˜ท ๋“ฑ์— ์—ผ์ƒ‰๋œ)๋ฌผ์ด ๋น ์ง€๋‹ค

(๊ณ ์ฒด์ธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด)๋…น์•„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋‹ค

(ํŠนํžˆ, ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ)~๋˜๋‹ค

(ํŠน์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์—)๋‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค

(์‹ ๋ฌธ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ธ€์„)์‹ฃ๋‹ค

(๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ์„)์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค

(ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—)์ถœ๋งˆํ•˜๋‹ค

(๋ฏธ, ์Šคํƒ€ํ‚น์˜)์˜ฌ์ด ํ’€๋ฆฌ๋‹ค

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Page 29: Polysemy(multiple meaning) and meaning tree

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