DEPARTMENT OF ENTEMOLOGY KRISHI MAHA VIDYALAYA, TIKAMGARH, (M.
P.) PRESENTED BY- KAPIL MEENA Roll No. 5764
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PLANT ORIGIN COMPOUNDNAME OF PLANTAzadirachta
indicaNeemRotenoneDerris elipticaSabadillaSeed of tropical
lilyRyanodineRyania speciosaNicoteneTobacco plantsPyrethrumFlowers
of chrysantheumLimonene and LinanoolCitrus peel extractsDiallyl
disulphideGarlic oil
Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica) Kernels of the neem tree posses
extra ordinary gustatory repellant properties which are attributed
to the active ingredients nimbidin-T, meliantriol and azadirachtin.
The main a.i. azadirachtin is present in seeds and leaves and
varies from 2-4 mg/g kernel. Neem is known for various insecticidal
properties e.g. antifeedant action, insect growth regulator,
oviposition deterrent, repellent action. The commercial neem
insecticides available in market are based on neem seed kernel
extract (NSKE). Neem based products are sensetive to uv light
i.e.it degrades when exposed to sunlight.
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Rotenoids/Rotenone- source: Roots of leguminous plants
Lonchocarpus spp. (south american plant) and derris eliptica
(Malaysia). Insects poisoned with rotenone show a steady decline in
oxygen consumption followed by paralysis and death. It is well
known contact fish poison. It is use as dust containing 0.75-1.5%
rotenone and effective against beetle and
caterpillars.Nicotinoid/Nicotene It,s main source in tobacco.
Nicotene shares 0.5-5.5% and 3.5-8.0% in the leaves of Nicotiana
tabacum and N.rustica respectively. the insecticidal property of
Nicotene alkaloid present in tobacco leaves. *
Nicotene is a contact and nerve poison which affects especially
soft bodies insects. It,s main effect is on aphids. It is marketed
in the name of Nicotene sulphate.Pyrethroids/Pyrethrins/Pyrethrum
Source: White flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariefolium (Guldaodi).
Pyrethrins in which 0.7% to 3% chryasanthemic and pyrethric acids.
Pyrethrins are powerful contact insecticides which rapidly
paralysed the housefly. This characteristic action is known as
knock down effect. *
Raynia/Ryanodine - It is an alkaloid derived from ground roots
and woody stems of south American shrub. Ryania spaciosa. It is
stomach and contact poison and effective against Lepidopterous
pests. It is used as dust (20-40%)Sabadilla : It is an alkaloid
derived from seeds of tropical lily Schoenocaulon officinale found
in South and Central America. The alkaloids mainly cevadine and
verartidine are contact poison and used for the control of
houseflies and domestic insects. It is harmful to pollinators
honeybees.
Limonene and linanool are citrus peel extracts which cause
insect paralysis.
Used to control aphids, mites and flies.
Garlic oil due to presence of diallyl disulfide and diallyl
trisulfide shows larvicidal property and it fatal to larvae of
mosquito. Root of the crucifers Brassica nigra and Sinapsis alba
inhibit emergence of the golden cyst nematode of potato (Globodera
rostochiens) due to presence of isothiocyanates. *
