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PPT ON PLANT AND ANIMAL TISSUE, MADE BY ABEL ABY JOHN
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Animal tissue
Epithelial Tissue
Muscular Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Connective Tissue
�The tissue forms outer living of the body .it protects internal organ from external environment�They classified by four types:(a) Squamous Epithelium (b) Cubiodal Epithelium(c) Ciliated columnar Epithelium(d) Stratified Squamous Epithelium
� In anatomy, a squamous epithelium (from Latin squama, "scale") is an epithelium whose most superficial layer consists of flat, scale-like cells called squamous epithelial cells.
Cuboidal epithelia are epithelial cells having a cube-like shape; that is, their width is approximately equal to their height
� Columnar epithelia are epithelial cells whose heights are at least four times their width.
� Since they are arranged in pattern of layers, the epithelium is called stratified squamous epithelium.
Squamous epithelial tissue
Cuboidal epithelial
Squamous epithelium
Columnar Epithelium
�Connective tissue (CT) is a kind of animal tissue that supports, connects, or separates different types of tissues and organs of the body
�They can be classified in five types:(a)Aerolar Tissue(b)Adipose Tissue(c)Compact bone(d) Hyaline catilage(e) Types of blood cells
�Gel like ground with both elastic and non-elastic fibers running though the ground in many directions.¡Wraps and cushions organs¡ Under the skin
� Function as storage cells for adipose (lipids)�Adipose cells contain a large vacuole which in the live
cell contains lipids.�Cell nucleus and cytoplasm are pushed out to edge of
cell membrane.
¡ Ground of matrix is Solid (Calcium carbonate).¡ Has blood supply and nerves running through the
Haversian canal systems.
Areolar tissue
Adipose tissue
Compact bone tissue
vHyaline cartilage is cartilage that is hyaline (transparent). It is found on many jointv surfaces. It is pearly bluish in color with firm consistency and has a considerable amountv of collagen. It contains no nerves or blood vessels, and its structure is relatively simple
vWhite Blood cellvRed Blood cellvPlatelet
Hyaline Cartilage
Types of blood cells
�Muscular Tissue consists of elongated cells, also called muscle fiber.Muscles contain special proteins called contractile proteins, which contract and relax to cause movement.�They classified by three types:a. Striated muscleb. Smooth musclec. Cardiac muscle
� striated muscle, also called voluntary muscle, striped muscle, or skeletal muscle , most common of the three types of muscle in the body. Striated muscle is attached to bone and produces all the movements of body parts in relation to each other
� Smooth muscle is an involuntary non-striated muscle. It is divided into two sub-groups; the single-unit (unitary) and multiunit smooth muscle.
� Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) is involuntary striated muscle that is found in the walls and histological foundation of the heart, specifically the myocardium.
Striated muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
� Nervous tissue is the main component of the two parts of the nervous system; the brain and spinal cord
� It is composed of neurons, or nerve cells, which receive and transmit impulses
Meristematic tissues – localized regions of cell division
n Apical Meristems
n Primary or Transitional Meristem è Primary growthn Lateral Meristems
n Vascular cambium è 2ovascular tissue
n Cork cambium or phellogen è peridermn Intercalary Meristems (found in the nodes of grasses)87
Root Apical Meristem
1.Root cap initials2.Protoderm3.Ground meristem4.Procambium5.Root cap
Lateral Meristems – secondary growth in woody plants
n This stem has two lateral meristems. They are the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. (This is 1 year)
Lateral Meristem- 2 years
n This is the 2nd year and you can see there are two layers of xylem for each year. The pith is also referred to as the “Heartwood”
Simple Tissues – consisting of one cell type
n Parenchyma – thin walled & alive at maturity; often multifaceted.n Collenchyma – thick walled & alive at maturityn Sclerenchyma – thick walled and dead at maturitynSclerids or stone cells – cells as long as they are
widenFibers – cells longer than they are wide
n Epidermis – alive at maturitynTrichomes – “pubescence” or hairs on epidermisnRoot Hairs – tubular extensions of epidermal
cells
Sclerenchyma
Right-hand illustration modified from: Weier, Stocking & Barbour, 1974, Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, 5th Ed.
SCLERIDS FIBERS
Epidermis – stoma, trichomes, & root hairs
Complex Tissue
nXylem – water conducting tissue; parenchyma, fibers, vessels and/or tracheids, and ray cells.
nPhloem food conducting tissue; sieve-tube members (no nucleus at maturity, cytoplasm present), companion cells, fibers, parenchyma, and ray cells. In flowering plants, sieve-tube members and companion cells arise from the same mother cell.
Made By :- Abel Aby JohnRoll No. 28Grade:-IX D
