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Paper presented by Josu Sierra in the PISA 2006 conference, Trento (Italy) 2008.
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PAPER PRESENTED BY JOSU SIERRA IN TRENTO (ITALY), APRIL
2008
PISA 2006 CONFERENCE HOSTED BY OECD AND TRENTINO PROVINCE
Josu SierraDirector of the ISEI-IVEI
The Basque Education System
Overview
Basque Ministry of Education:
http://www.hezkuntza.ejgv.euskadi.net/r43-2722/en
Basque Institute for Reasearch and Evaluation in Education:
http://www.isei-ivei.net
Basque Country
Politically divided into three
different Administrations (Two
in Spain, one in France):
•Autonomous Community
of the Basque Country
•Navarre
•French Basque Country
The Autonomous Community of the Basque Country
Euskadi-Basque Country
Surface 7.234 Km2
Inhabitants 2.124.846 hab.
Density 293,7 inhabit/km2
Official Languages Basque and Spanish
Capital Vitoria-Gasteiz
THE BASQUE LANGUAGE• Two families of languages, the Uralic and the Indo-
European, are to be found in Europe, but Basque is not genetically linked to either, lacking ties to family or origin.
• It is likely that an early form of the Basque language was present in Western Europe before the arrival of the Indo-European languages to the area, including what became the Germanic languages, Celtic languages, and Western Romance languages.
• Today, Basque is a lesser-used language in the Basque territories.
The Basque Language• But the Basque Education
System can be a powerful tool to spread the knowledge of the language.
• The Basque language in the Education System today (Infant Education): more than the 90% of the students (Infant Education) enrolled in Basque Immersion Programmes
Linguistic Models in Education
9,4
30,1
60,5
Spanish
Basque MiddleImmersion
BasqueImmersion
Education: Main features
• Full responsibility in Education.
• 330.000 students (2005) (except university levels)
• Multilingual:– Official languages: Basque and Spanish (mainly Basque immersion)
– Main foreign language: English (starting at the age of 4)
– Three Linguistic Models to choose.
• Preschool: %100 of the students at school at the age of 3, 90% at 2.
• 45% of the curriculum decided in the Basque Country
• Compulsory Education: 6 to 16 years old.
•The Basque education System guarantees
the provision of compulsory education free of
charge from ages 6 to 16.
•Education is structured on four levels:
•Infant (0-5)
•Primary (up to age 12),
•Secondary (up to 16) and
•Further Education/ Vocational Training,
extending subsequently to university,
polytechnic and higher vocational training
college studies.
•In December 2002 a decree was passed
regulating early-learning canters for
children up to the age of 3.
•There are four universities in the Basque
Country, with a total of 28 faculties or colleges,
3 higher technical colleges and 11 university
colleges.
•The publicly-run University of the Basque
Country (EHU-UPV) provides higher education
in a range of areas, including Medicine,
Science, Fine Arts, Journalism, Economics and
Industrial Engineering.
Infant Education (0-5)
Primary Education (6-12)
Secondary Compulsory Education (13-16) c
ompulsory
High School
THE BASQUE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND EVALUATION IN EDUCATION
•Established in 2001
•Mission:
•Assess and evaluate the whole Education System
•Carry out Educational Research
•Manage the Educational Documentation centre.
www.isei-ivei.net
PISA 2006 RESULTS
THE BASQUE COUNTRY IS ON THE OECD MEAN IN SCIENCE, MATHS
AND READING
THE PISA PICTURE 2003-2006• PISA shows a similar picture of the Basque Education
in 2003 and 2006:
– OECD-average achievement in the 3 Key Competences.
– Equity, very similar results for all students.
– Less low scores than in the OECD but less excellence.
THE SAMPLE: TO OBTAIN RESULTS BY LINGUISTIC MODELS AND PUBLIC/PRIVATE
STUDENTS 2006LINGUISTIC MODELS
TOTALA B D
PUBLIC 226 215 1141 1582
PRIVATE P.F.* 849 636 862 2347
TOTAL 1075 851 2003 3929
*WITH PUBLIC FUNDS
STRATA
SCIENCE: 495, BETTER THAN IN 2003
500 495 488
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Fin
lan
dia
Ho
ng
Ko
ng-
Ch
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Can
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Ch
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Taip
eiEs
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a Ze
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Jap
ón
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stra
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nd
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ech
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ore
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ein
o U
nid
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epú
blic
a C
hec
aSu
iza
Mac
ao-C
hin
aA
ust
ria
Bél
gica
Irla
nd
aH
un
gría
Suec
iaM
edia
de
la O
CD
EP
olo
nia
Din
amar
caFr
anci
aEu
skad
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roac
iaIs
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dia
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nia
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nid
os
Litu
ania
Esp
aña
Rep
úb
lica
Eslo
vaca
No
rueg
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xem
bu
rgo
Fed
erac
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Ru
saIt
alia
Po
rtu
gal
Gre
cia
Isra
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hile
Serb
iaB
ulg
aria
Uru
guay
Turq
uía
Jord
ania
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ilan
dia
Ru
man
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on
ten
egro
Mex
ico
Ind
on
esia
Arg
enti
na
Bra
sil
Co
lom
bia
Tún
ezA
zerb
aiya
nQ
atar
Kir
gizi
stán
PU
NTU
AC
IÓN
OCDE 500
Poland 498
Denmark 496
France 495
BASQUE 495
Croatia 493
Iceland 491
Latvia 489
USA 489
Lituania 489
SPAIN 488
Slovak Rep. 488
Norway 486
COUNTRIES
AT THE
SAME LAVEL
THAN
BASQUE IN
SCIENCE
SCIENCE LEVELS: LESS “LOW SCORES” THAN OECD BUT LESS EXCELLENCE TOO
WE HAVE IMPROVED RESULTS IN 2006 COMPARING WITH 2003
THE PICTURE OF THE BASQUE EDUCATION SYSTEM
PISA 2006
ESCS AND SCIENCE: SLIGHTLY LOWER THAN EXPECTED
300
400
500
600
-2 -1,5 -1 -0,5 0 0,5 1 1,5
SCO
RE
ESCS OF SCHOOLS
SCIENCE AND ESCS OF SCHOOLS
A Pública
B Pública
D Pública
A Concertada
B Concertada
D Concertada
OCDE Centro
EUSKADI centro
Lineal (OCDE Centro)
Lineal (EUSKADI centro)
WORSE THAN OECD IN HIGH LEVELS OF ESCS
BETTER THAN OECD IN THE LOW LEVELS OF ESCS OECD
gradient
BASQUE gradient
MORE EFFICIENT SCHOOLS WITH LOW ESCS STUDENTS THAN OECD
EQUITY• Gerard F.M. (2001):”Le concept d’équité est lie a lajustice sociale: un système éducatif est d’autant pluséquitable qu’il réduit les disparités entre les plus fortset les plus faibles, entre les groupes favorises etdéfavorises.”
• « The concept of Equity is linked with the socialjustice: an education system is more equitable if itreduces disparities between the strongest and thewekest, between advantaged and disadvantagedgroups. »
ABSOLUTE EQUITY: % OF
STUDENTS AT >1 AND 1 LEVELS
(15,7%), BETTER THAN THE OECD
AVERAGE
EQUITY:LOW
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE BEST AND THE WORSE SCORES (PERC. 5 AND 95)263
273
280
281
288
293
295
295
296
300
303
308
310
311
312
313
313
328
328
333
337
344
348
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
MEXICO
BASQUE
COLOMBIA
FINLAND
PORTUGAL
POLAND
RUSSIA
SPAIN
KOREA
CHILE
GREECE
SWEDEN
URUGUAY
OECD
ITALY
NEHERLANDS
NORWAY
GERMANY
JAPAN
FRANCE
ARGENTINA
USA
UK
DIFFERENCE "BEST AND WORSE SCORES“ PISA 2006 SOURCE: IE
EQUITY: PUBLIC-PRIVATE SCHOOLS’ ESCS: THE LOWEST DIFFERENCE AMONG SPANISH
COMMUNITIES
-0,778
-0,568 -0,57
-0,415
-0,315-0,364
-0,465
-0,4-0,361 -0,367
-0,247-0,211
0,2070,158
0,122 0,095
0,211 0,229 0,2230,178
0,257
0,105
-1
-0,8
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0
0,2
0,4
Andalucía Galicia España Castilla y León
Cantabria Asturias Cataluña Navarra Aragón La Rioja País Vasco
ESCS PUBLIC-PRIVATE SCHOOLS
1 Público
2 Privado
MATHEMATICS AN READING RESULTS
2006
MATHEMATICS RESULTS 2006
Czec Rep. 510
Iceland 506
Austria 505
Slovenia 504
Germany 504
Sweden 502
Ireland 501
BASQUE 501
OECD 498
France 496
UK 495
Poland 495
MATHEMATICS:
THE SAME RESULT IN 2003
EVOLUTION 2003-2006: SAME RESULT
READING RESULTS 2006
Japan 498
China Taipei 496
UK 495
Germany 495
Denmark 494
Slovenia 494
Macao China 492
OECD 492
Austria 490
France 488
BASQUE 487
Iceland 484
Czec Rep. 483
Norway 484
Hungary 482
Latvia 479
Luxemburg 479
READING:
EVOLUTION 2003-2006: LOWER SCORE IN 2006
ISEI-IVEI
BASQUE COUNTRY
PISA 2006SCIENCE RESULTS AND REGIONS, COMMUNITIES AND TERRITORIES
0,260,21
0,17 0,17
0,09 0,08
0
-0,04 -0,04-0,08
-0,12 -0,12 -0,13 -0,14 -0,14 -0,15 -0,15 -0,16 -0,17 -0,18-0,21
-0,26
-0,32 -0,34
-0,64-0,7
-0,6
-0,5
-0,4
-0,3
-0,2
-0,1
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
ESC
S
SUBNAT
ESCS “SUBNATIONAL” PISA 2006
ESCS LEVELS
VARIANCE EXPLAINED BY ESCS: SMALL INFLUENCE OF THIS VARIABLE
1,3 2,33,9 4,5 4,6 5,1 5,7 6,4
9,010,7 10,8 11,7
17,818,9 19,3
23,024,2 24,8 25,4 26,5
28,3 28,7 29,331,2
38,6
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
35,0
40,0
45,0
PERCENTAGE OF THE BETWEEN SCHOOLS VARIANCE EXPLAINED BY ESCS-SCIENCE
SCIENCE RESULT AND ESCS: SLIGHTLY LOWER THAN EXPECTED
400
420
440
460
480
500
520
540
560
-0,7 -0,6 -0,5 -0,4 -0,3 -0,2 -0,1 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4
SCO
RE
ESCS
SCIENCE AND ESCS
Friuli VGFlemish C.
Sicilia
Basque
Scotland
Liguria
Bolzano
Veneto
Andalusia
Campania
MATHEMATICS RESULT AND ESCS: SLIGHTLY BETTER THAN EXPECTED
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
-0,7 -0,6 -0,5 -0,4 -0,3 -0,2 -0,1 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4
SCO
RE
ESCS
MATH AND ESCS
VénetoGalicia
Flemish C.
Basque
La Rioja
Scotland
AndalusiaLiguria
Trento
Sicilia
C.-León
READING SCORE AND ESCS: EXPECTED RESULT
300
350
400
450
500
550
-0,7 -0,6 -0,5 -0,4 -0,3 -0,2 -0,1 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4
SCO
RE
ESCS
READING AND ESCS
Flemish C.
Scotland
Liguria
Trento
Basque
Friuli VG
Galicia
Veneto
Andalusia
Sicilia
Bolzano
CHANGES THAT WE ARE IMPLEMENTING NOW
• New Curriculum Decree, introducing Basic Competences.
• Our amount of hours in science is the lowest comparing with the Spanish Communities: we will increase teaching hours in Science.
DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT
• We will start in 2009 with census external assessments (all students every year)
• The aim is to know the acquisition of the Basic Competences in Primary 4th and L. Secondary 2nd, 2 years before the end of the Primary and Secondary, to solve problems and improve results.
• The 8 Competences: Competences in Science and Technology, Learning to learn, Mathematical Competence, Linguistic Communication, Information and Communication Technologies, Social and civic Competences, Personal autonomy and entrepreneurship.
A COMBINATION OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ASSESSMENTS
• We will provide, the next year, tests for schools for internal voluntary assessment.
• At the same time we will apply external tests to provide reliable and comparable measures to the school, professors and parents.
• It is a very challenging project for the ISEI-IVEI: 35.000 students every year with short periods for data analysis an reporting.
EUROPE 2010 INDICATORS AND THE BASQUE COUNTRY
THE LISBON OBJECTIVES
PERCENTAGE OF
STUDENTS FINISHING
POST-COMPULSORY
SECONDARY
EDUCATION 2005
BASQUE COUNTRY: 80.4
EU: 77.3
PARTICIPATION IN
LIFELONG LEARNING 2005
BASQUE COUNTRY: 15.1
EU: 10.8
EARLY SCHOOL LEAVERS
RATE 2005
BASQUE COUNTRY: 13.9
EU: 14.9
MATEMATICS, SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY
GRADUATES 2005
BASQUE COUNTRY: 25.3
EU: 12.3
THANK YOU
www.isei-ivei.net