Photo Chemistry 9Identifying Chemistry In Our World

Made by Jenny Paek

Table of Contents• Matter• Non matter• Pure Substance• Element• Compounds• Mixtures• Heterogeneous Mixtures• Homogeneous Mixtures• Mass• Volume• Density• Viscosity• State• Conductivity• Physical Change• Chemical Change• Physical Change? Chemical Change?

Matter

• Anything with mass and volume

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When you look around, almost everything you see can be considered as matter. Things like the sink of the kitchen, the slide of the playground, the books in the bookshelf, the chicken are all matter, since they have mass and volume.

Non matter

• Things that are missing either volume or/and mass

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If almost everything you see around you is matter, than there must be things that are not matter. The pictures you see below are the examples of non matter things around us. They are missing either volume or mass, or both. The examples of non matter are heat, energy and shadow. They usually do not have any mass or volume at all.

Pure Substance

• Matter containing only one type of particles

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The pictures you see below are gold and silver. I cannot guarantee if they are 100% pure gold or silver, but I took pictures of them because pure 100% gold and silver are pure substances.

Pure Substances

Elements Compounds

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Element

• A pure substance in its simplest form

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This is the periodic table of the elements that you can easily find at the end of the textbook. I took this picture because it shows all of different elements that we can find in our world, such as gold, silver, iron and so on.

Compounds

• A pure substance consisting two or more elements

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This is a picture of salt. Salt is an example of compounds since it contains more than one element. Salt, also known as sodium chloride, is NaCl and is the compound of sodium and chlorine.

Mixtures

• Matter containing two or more pure substances but with their particles that are not chemically joined

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Mixtures

Heterogeneous Mixtures Homogeneous Mixtures

This is the mixture of grains such as glutinous rice, millets, unpolished rice and so on. This is an example of a mixture because this contains more than two pure substances but their particles are not chemically mixed.

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Heterogeneous Mixtures

• Mixture not in composition with its components distinguishably separated

This salad is a good example of heterogeneous mixtures because we clearly can distinguish what it is made of with our naked eyes. This salad is made of pieces of lettuces, pieces of tomatoes and slices of cucumbers.

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Homogeneous Mixtures

• Mixture evenly mixed with its components not distinguishably separated

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These two pictures clearly explains the term homogeneous mixtures. The first picture is the cup with coffee powder, sugar and milk powder in it and the tea pot with hot water. The second picture is the mixture of water and the things in the cup—coffee. However, just by looking at the second picture, we do not know what the mixture is made out of. It is not clearly separated, so it is a homogeneous mixture.

Mass

• The amount of matter in an object

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Tip!

People are misusing the term mass and weight. Mass is a

measure showing how much matter something has, and weight shows how strong the gravity pulls down something.

The numbers shown on the scales are the

mass, not the weight!

The first picture shows that the bigger weight is more massive than the smaller weight. The scale shows the difference between the mass of two objects. The scale in the picture shows the mass of the weight in the number form with the unit of gram (g) and kilogram (kg).

Volume

• The maximum available amount of space in an object; the amount of space an object takes up

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During the class, we were questioned if the air has volume and mass. We came up with the answer that the air does have volume, and it can be proved by blowing a balloon. I took pictures of how the balloon becomes big when putting the air in. I also took pictures of air bubbles created when blowing the water. The different sizes of the bubbles shows different volumes of the air created in the water.

Density

• Constant property of a substance describing its heaviness

• Density =

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This picture is the graduated cylinder with oil and water in it. As you can see, the oil and the water is not mixed, but they are clearly separated. The oil is above the water. It is because their densities are different. The oil, with lower density, is floating on the water that has higher density.

volume

mass

Viscosity

• The thickness of a fluid; the property of the resistance of fluid to flow

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Every liquid has different viscosity. The pictures below show comparison in viscosity of fluids. When arranging the pictures from the one with the highest viscosity to the lowest viscosity, it would probably be the order of the mayonnaise, the maple syrup and the water. Higher viscosity means higher resistance of moving down towards gravity.

State

• The physical property describing the form in which matter can be found : solid, liquid and gas

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This cup of coke with ice cubes in it is a picture that can explain all the three states. The coke itself is the liquid. The ice cubes are solid. The bubbles that I circled are the gas. They are carbon dioxide that you can easily find in pop drinks.

Conductivity

• The ability of an object to conduct or transmit electricity, heat or sound

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When you were young, you probably have made a telephone toy using two paper cups and a string. That is what two teddy bears are holding in the picture. It shows the conductivity of sound of a string.

This is the picture that I took during my science fair project. It was to check out the conductivity of different types of fruits. This picture shows the electrical conductivity of lemons caused by electrons moving around freely in the lemon.

Physical Change

• A change in form or state, but not in substance• Physical changes involve changes in its physical

properties. Physical properties are the texture, shape, size, color, odor, volume, mass, weight, and density.

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The banana is the example that I have that can explain physical changes. There is the original banana in the first picture, and the second, the third and the fourth pictures are the banana after I pilled the pill off, cut and mashed it. As you can see, there are changes in its shape and the size, but the fact that it is still a banana did not change.

Chemical Change

• Reaction during the process of a substance changing into one or more new substances with different properties

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Iron rusting is an example of chemical changes since it is the reaction of iron after it is exposed in the air. Also, one of the characteristics of chemical changes is that they are permanent and non reversible. It is the same with this rusted iron because rusted iron cannot be clean and new again.

Physical Change? Chemical Change?

This is brown sugar. The second and the third pictures are showing the process of melting the sugar on fire. When sugar melts, it is a physical change because even though the sugar changed its form from solid to liquid, it is still sugar that is brown and sweet. The main characteristics did not change. When sugar burns, which is the fourth picture, it is a chemical change. The reason is because the result of burned sugar and the smoke is caused by the reaction that the sugar made with the overwhelming amount of heat and fire.

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Physical Change Chemical Change

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