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PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION

Chapter 2: FOUNDATION OF CURRICULUM

B O Y E T B. A L U A NSLSU-LUCBAN, QUEZON

PHILOSOPHYO It comes from 2 Greek words “philo” meaning

love and “sophos” meaning wisdom.O It is a science of being ultimate reason cited

by Aluan from the book of Duka 2010.O Aluan defines philosophy as the root of beliefs

guided you in formulating ideas with reasonable judgments. This helps teachers to reflect on certain key issues and concepts in education as cited by Aluan from the work of Oregon States of Education.

What is your Philosophy?

Wha

t is

bein

g

educ

ated

? What is

the good

life?

What is knowledge?

What is the nature of learning?

What is teaching?

"What should be learned?

My Formulated Philosophy

Your Philosophyis your beliefs about why, what and

how you teach, whom you teach, and about the nature of learninga set of principles that

guides professional action through the events and issues teachers face dailySources for your educational

philosophy are your life experiences, your values, the environment in which you live, interactions with others and awareness of philosophical approaches

Four General or World Philosophies

Idealism-Plato Realism-Aristotle

Pragmatism (sometimes called

experientialism)derive from the works of Charles Sanders

Peirce (1839-1914) and applied by Dewey in his progressive

approach

and Existentialism-

Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855

*Scholasticism-St. Aquinas

(combination of Idealist and realist) known as

Neo-Thomism

**Naturalism- Rousseau another

Western Philosophy

Philosophical schools of thought

Philosophy

Aims Method Teacher School

Idealism to discover and develop each individual's abilities and full moral excellence in order to better serve society

Informal dialect, Q&A , lecture, field Trip, project, yoga, readingCurriculum emphasis on literature, history, philosophy, and religion

Source of knowledge, excellent

Thinking institution, develops moral character, promotes cultural learning

Philosophy Aims Method Teacher School

Realism/ no universal and unchanging values

Gratification of human needs, giving direction to his tendency, potential

Scientific method, process approach, experimentation, discovery, mastery of facts through demonstration and recitationsCurriculum. The Realist curriculum emphasizes the subject matter of the physical world, particularly science and mathematics

-Help to realize (student) they can enter into the meaning of their experience.-organizes and presents content systematically within a discipline, demonstrating use of criteria in making decisions

Utilize student activity through instruction, regards student as more superior, develop scientific attitude

The ultimate reality is the world of physical objects

Phi.. Aims Met.. teacher SCHOOL

Pragmatism/ experimentalism-only those things that are experienced or observed are real

For social efficacy- quest for new ideas to adjust the ever changing society- reality is constantly changing and that we learn best through applying our experiences and thoughts to problems, as they arise

Experimental, constructive projects, motivation, lab-work, field trips, lib-work

Keep order in class, facilitate group work, encourage

Miniature of society, agency for enculturation,

thought must produce action, rather than linger in the mind and lead to indecisiveness-Peirce

All learning is dependent on the context of place, time, and circumstance. Different cultural and ethnic groups learn to work cooperatively and contribute to a democratic society-Dewey

Existentialism-subjective andlies within individual

Freedom of choice-responsibility for deciding who we are. The focus is on freedom, the development of authentic individuals, as we make meaning of our lives

Dialog, inquiry, Q&A, Social heritage over experience

Provider of experience, effective communicator

Create atmosphere for social interaction

Individual choice and individual standards rather than external standards are central

We should not accept anyone else's predetermined philosophical system; rather, we must take responsibility for deciding who we are

"Who am I and what should I do?

Neo-ThomismIs the integration of Idealism and realism. Man is irrationalUsed by churches

Naturalism

Be all end all of reality.Pupil regard on physical side.Harmony in nature

School extension of school

Teacher surrogate parent/ loco parentis

Nat Rou

Educational PhilosophiesThese educational philosophical approaches are currently used in classrooms the world over

Perennialism,

Reconstructionism

ProgressivismEssentialism

Contemporary Philosophy

PHILOSOPHY

AIMS METHOD TEACHER SCHOOL

PerennialismLess emphasis on vocational

Internalize truths that are universal and constant develop rational and mpral powers.acquire understandings about the great ideas of Western civilization

Subject centered, great bookClassroom centeredSocratic dialogue.

Authority figure,Master and expertise not be questioned

Social institution

EssentialismModel citizen race and social heritage over experiences

To acquire basic skills.Transmit culture, knowledge and values

4r’s. Prepare for adult life.Longer school day, textbooks, drill, lecture, method to cover much topicsRecitation/ memorization

Mastery of subject.Fountain of info.Paragon of virtues.

Prepares student for adult life

EssentialismWilliam Bagley, James D. Koerner, H. G. Rickover, Paul Copperman , Theodore Sizer

ProgressivismLive life fully now, hands-on minds- on

From pragmatism.Teach to develop individual to become enlightened and intelligent.

Need based curriculum/relevant ideas, respond student needsUtilizes experimental ReflectiveCooperative learning strategiesObservation and participation

FacilitatorConsultant leader

Accept impermanent of life and inevitability of changeSocial developer

Social-reconstructionism

Reform for society/ solving problem of mankind

Scientific inquiry, problem solving, forum, brainstorming, concept approach, project method

Lead young in designing program for social change.

Primary agent of social changes center of controversy

Islam Philosophy

islam

faith obedience thrust

Koran FoT

JAPANESE PHILOSOPHY

beliefs in God Hard worklove of Nature

Curiosityresilience

Indian PhilosophyVed

ic-r

elig

ion Hinduism

• Respect ideal way of life

• Yoga mid discipline

Ved

ic R

elig

ion Buddhism

• Life was suffering

Ved

ic

Relig

ion Brahmanistic

/ Paganism

H B u B r

General Characteristics of Chinese Philosophy

man

• Sage or wise

life

• Is deem and desirable

Cycle of up side

down

• Win or loose

Thought an

action

• Action agrees with thought

Chinese Philosophy

• Teaches moral life through devotion to the family, loyalty to elders, love of learning, civil service love for justice (universal)

Confucianism (551-479bc) Confucious

• --tao– way or path• Harmony with nature• Nature—sacred

Taoism/Daoism L/Dao Tzu

CD

References 1. Boyet B. Aluan, Foundation of Education: Philosophical Foundation of education A Power Point presentation 20102. B. Aluan, Philosophical Perspective in Education: From the works of Oregon States of education, A powerpoint presentation 2014.

Thank you!

Educators’ inspire the learners to learn how to love learning!

-BOYET

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