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DEPT OF PERIODONTICSDr shabeel pnRDC
PERIODONTAL PROBES EXPLORERS SCALING, ROOT-PLANING &
CURETTAGE PERIODONTAL ENDOSCOPE CLEANSING & POLISHING
INSTRUMENTS
PERIODONTAL PROBES- used to locate, measure and mark pockets
as well as determine their course on individual tooth surfaces
EXPLORERS- to locate calculus deposites and caries
SCALING, ROOT-PLANING AND CURETTAGE INSTRUMENTS-
for removal of plaque and calcified deposites from crown and root of tooth, removal of altered cementum from the subgingival root surface, and debridement of the soft tissue lining the pocket.
Sickle scaler- to remove supragingival calculus
Curettes- for subgingival scaling, root planing and removal of the soft tissue lining the pocket
Hoe, chisel and file scaler- to remove tenacious calculus and altered cementum
Ultrasonic and sonic instruments- for cleansing and polishing tooth surface and curetting the soft tissue wall of the periodontal pocket
CLEANSING & POLISHING INSTRUMENTS- eg: rubber cups, brushes, dental tape, air-powder abrasive system
A. Marquis colour coded probe
B. Unc-15 probeC. University of Michigan
“o” probeD. Michigan “o” probe with
marking 3, 6 and 8 E. W.H.O. probe
NABERS PROBE
TAPERED ROD LIKE INSTRUMENT CALIBERATED IN MILLIMETERS, WITH A BLUNT ROUND TIP
FUFCATION AREAS BEST EVALUATED BY THE CURVED BLUNT NABERS PROBE
PLASTIC PROBES IN CASE OF IMPLANTS PROBE IS INSERTED WITH A FIRM GENTLE
PRESSURE TO THE BOTTOM OF THE POCKET. SHANK SHOULD ALLIGN WITH THE LONG AXIS OF THE TOOTH
USED TO REMOVE LARGE CALCULUS DEPOSITS FROM THE ENAMEL SURFACE
USED WITH A PULL STROKE.
LATERAL SURFACE:- STRAIGHT, MEET IN A POINT TIP
NO OF CUTTING EDGE:- 2 CUTTING EDGE WORKING END IN CROSS SECTION:-
TRIANGULAR SICKLE SCALERS WITH STRAIGHT SHANKS ARE
DESIGNED FOR USE ON ANTERIOR TEETH SICKLE SCALERS WITH CONTRA ANGLED
SHANKS ADAPT TO POSTERIOR TEETH U15/30 & UNIVERSITY SICKLE SCALER ARE
LARGE JAQUETTE SICKLE SCALERS HAVE MEDIUM SIZE
HOE SCALERS ARE USED FOR SCALING OF LEDGES OR RINGS CALCULUS
BLADE IS BENT AT 99 ANGLE CUTTING EDGE BEVELED AT 45 DEGREE BLADE IS SLIGHT BOWED SO THAT IT CAN
MAINTAIN TWO CONTACT AT TWO POINTS ON A CONVEX SURFACE
THE BLADE IS INSERTED TO THE BASE OF THE PERIDONTAL POCKET SO THAT IT MAKES TWO POINT CONTACT WITH THE TOOTH .THIS STABLIZES THE INSTRUMENT AND PREVENT NICKING OF THE ROOT.
THE INSTRUMENT IS ACTIVATED WITH A FIRM PULL STROKE TOWARD THE CROWN,
IT IS DESIGNED FOR THE PROXIMAL SURFACE OF TEETH TOO CLOSELY SPACED TO PERMIT THE USE OF OTHER SCALERS
IT IS USUALLY USED IN ANTERIOR PART OF THE MOUTH
CHISEL INSERTED FROM FACIAL SURFACE INSTRUMENT IS ACTIVATED WITH A PUSH
MOTION WHILE THE SIDE SIDE OF THE BLADE IS HELD FIRMLY AGAINST THE ROOT
THEIR PRIMARY FUNCTION IS TO FRACTURE OR CRUSH LARGE DEPOSITE OF TENACIOUS CALCULUS
FILES CAN EASILY ROUGHEN ROOT SURFACES WHEN USED IMPROPERLY THEREFORE, THEY ARE SUITABLE FOR FINE SCALING
MINI BLABE CURETTE ARE NOW PREFERRED
SHORT, POWERFUL PULL STROKE THAT IS USED FOR THE REMOVAL OF BOTH SUPRAGINGIVAL & SUBGINGIVAL CALCULUS
CURETTES ARE OF TWO TYPES1. UNIVERSAL2. AREA SPECIFIC
UNIVERSAL CURETTES-USED IN ANY AREA-BOTH CUTTING EDGES USED-CURVED IN ONE PLANE-FACE OF BLADE AT 90 DEGREE TO SHANK
AREA SPECIFIC-USED IN SPECIFIC AREAS-ONE CUTTING EDGE USED-CURVED IN TWO PLANEOFFSET BLADE
GRACEY CURETTES1-2 & 3-4 ANTERIOR TEETH5-6 ANTERIOR TEETH & PREMOLARS7-8 & 9-10 FACIAL & LINGUAL- POSTERIORS11-12 MESIAL- POSTERIORS13-14 DISTAL- POSTERIORS
EXTENDED SHANK CURETTES -MODIFICATION OF GRACEY CURETTES -TERMINAL SHANK IS 3mm LONGER,
ALLOWING EXTENSION INTO DEEPER PERIODONTAL POCKET OF 5mmOR MORE
-THINNED BLADE FOR SMOOTHER INSERTION
Eg HU-FRIEDY AFTER FIVE CURETTES CHICAGO AFTER FIVE CURETTES
MINI BLADED CURETTES -MODIFICATIONS OF AFTER FIVE
CURETTES -BLADES ARE HALF THE LENGTH OF
AFTER FIVE OR STANDERD GRACEY CURETTES
-SHORTER BLADES ALLOWS EASIER INSERTION AND ADAPTATION IN DEEP,NARROW POCKETS;FURCATIONS
eg HU-FRIEDY MINI FVE CURETTES
SCHWARTZ PERIOTRIEVERS A SET OF DOUBLE ENDED HIGHLY
MAGNETISED INSTRUMENTS DESIGNED FOR THE RETRIEVEL OF BROCKEN INSTRUMENT TIPS
PLASTIC INSTRUMENTS FOR IMPLANTS TO AVOID SCARRING AND
PERMANENT DAMAGE TO IMPLANTS
DIAMOND COATED FILES UNIQUE INSTRUMENTS USED FOR FINAL
FINISHING OF ROOT SURFACES QUETIN FURCATION CURETTES
HOES WITH A SHALLOW, HALF MOON RADIOUS THAT FITS INTO ROOF OR FLOOR OF FURCATION & DEVELOPMENTAL DEPRESSIONS OF ROOT SURFACE
USED FOR REMOVING PLAQUE, STAINS, FOR SCALING & CURETTAGE
2 TYPES-MAGNECTOSTRICTIVE & PIEZOELECTRIC ALTERNATING ELECTRIC CURRENTS GENERATES
OSCILLATIONS THAT CAUSES SCALER TIP TO VIBRATE
20,000-45,000 CYCLES PER SEC IN MAGNETOSTRICTIVE, PATTERN OF VIBRATION
IS ELLIPTICAL- ALL SIDES OF THE TIP ARE ACTIVE IN PIEZOELECTRIC, VIBRATION IS LINEAR- TWO
SIDES OF TIP ARE ACTIVE
CONSISTS OF A HAND PIECE THAT ATTACHES TO A COMPRESSED AIR LINE.
2000-6500 cps LESS POWER FOR CALCULUS REMOVAL
THAN ULTRASONIC UNITS
SONIC AND PIEZOELECTRIC- NO HEAT GENERATEDMAGNETOSTRICTIVE- HEAT IS GENERATED WHICH REQUIRE WATER FOR COOLING
MAGNETOSTRICTIVE ULTRASONIC UNIT
MOST EFFICIENT AND LEAST TRAUMATIC INSTRUMENTS FOR CORRECTING OVERHANGING OR OVERCONTOURED PROXIMAL ALLOY OR RESIN RESTORATION
THESE FILES ARE MADE OF ALUMINIUM IN THE SHAPE OF A WEDGE PROTRUDING FROM A SHAFT
ONE SIDE OF THE WEDGE IS DIAMOND COATED AND THE OTHER SIDE IS SMOOTH
RUBBER CUPS:- CONSIST OF A RUBBER WITH OR WITHOUT WEBBED CONFIGURATIONS IN THE HOLLOW INTERIOR
USED IN HANDPIECE WITH A SPECIAL PROPHYLAXIS
A GOOD CLEANSING & POLISHING PASTE THAT CONTAIN FLOURIED SHOULD BE USED & KEPT MOIST TO MINIMIZE FRICTION HEAT
AVAILABLE IN WHEEL & CUP SHAPES USED IN PROPHYLAXIS ANGLE WITH A
POLISHING PASTE
DENTAL TAPE
DENTAL TAPE WITH POLISHING PASTE IN USED FOR POLISHING PROXIMAL SURFACE THAT ARE INACCESSIBLE TO OTHER POLISHING INSTRUMENTS
USED FOR GINGIVECTOMY
USED IN PERIDONTAL SURGERY
NEEDED TO REFLECT & MOVE THE FLAP AFTER THE INCISION HAS BEN MADE FOR FLAP SURGERY
USED TO HOLD THE FLAP DURING SUTURING USED TO POSITION & DISPLACE THE FLAP
AFTER THE FLAP HAS BENN REFLECTED DEBAKEY TISSUE FORCEPS
USED TO REMOVE TABS OF TISSUE DURING GINGIVECTOMY, TRIM THE MARGIN OF FLAP, ENLARGE INCISION IN PERIDONTAL ABSCESES ,REMOVE MUSCCHMENT IN SURGERY
GOLDMAN – FOX SCISSORS
USED TO SUTURE THE FLAP AT THE DESIRE PORTION AFTER SURIGAL PROCEDURE HAS BEEN COMPLETE. CASTROVEJO NEDDLE HOLDER
ACCESSIBILITY:POSITIONING OF PATIENT AND OPERATOR
VISIBILITY, ILLUMINATION &RETRACTION CONDITION AND SHARPNESS OF
INSTRUMENT MAINTAINING A CLEAN FIELD INSTRUMENT STABILISATION INSTRUMENT ACTIVATION
ACCESSIBILTY FACILITATES THOROUGHNESS OF INSTRUMENTATION
POSITION OF PATIENT & OPERATOR SHOULD PROVIDE MAXIMAL ACESSIBILITY
INADEQUATE ACCESSIBILITY IMPEDES THROUGH INSRUMENTATION, PREMATURELY TIRED THE OPERATOR DIMINISHES EFFECTIVENESS OF CLINICIAN
CLINICIAN SHOULD DE SEATED COMFORTABLELY ON A OPERATING STOOL, SO THAT CLINICIAN’S FEET ARE ON THE FLOOR WITH THE THIGHS TO THE FLOOR
BE IN A STRAIGHT & HEAD ERECT POSITION PATIENT SHOULD BE IN SUPINE POSITION & PLACED
SO THAT THE MOUTH CLOSE TO THE RESTIG ELBOW OF THE CLINICIAN
FOR INSTRUMENTATUON OF THE MAXILLARY ARCH, THE PATIENTS CHIN SHOULD BE RISE SLIGHTLY
FOR MANDIBULAR ARCH, LOWER CHIN UNTILL MADIBLE IN PARALLEL TO FLOOR.
DIRECT VISION WITH DIRECT ILLUMINATION FROM DENTAL LIGHT
INDIRECT VISION BY USING MOUTH MIRROR
RETRACTION PROVIDES VISIBILITY, ACESSIBILITY & ILLUMINATION
MIRROR ALSO USED FOR RETRACTION CHEEKS OR TONGUE
INDEX FINGER IS USED FOR RETRACTION OF THE LIP
MAKE SURE THAT ARE CLEAN, STERILE & IN GOOD CONDITION
WORKING END OF POINTED OR BLAED INSTRUMENT MUST BE SHARP TO BE EFFECTIVE
SHARP INSTRUMENTS ENCHANCE TACTILE SENSITIVITY & ALLOW YHE CLINICIAN TO WORK MORE PRECISELY
INSTRUMENTATION CAN BE HAMPERED IF THE OPERATIVE FIELD IN OBSCURED BY SALIVA, BLOOD & DEBRIS
INSTRUMENT GRASP MODIFIED PEN GRASP STANDARD PEN GRASP PALM AND THUMB GRASP
FINGER REST CONVENTIONAL CROSS ARCH OPPOSITE ARCH FINGER ON FINGER
PEN GRASP THE THUMB, INDEX FINGER, & MIDDLE
FINGER ARE USED TO HOLD INSTRUMENT AS PEN IN HELD
MODIFIED PEN GRASP:-ENSURE GREATEST CONTROL IN PERFORMING INTRAORAL PROCEDURES
FOR STABILIZING INSTRUMENTS DURING SHARPENING AND FOR MANIPULATING AIR AND WATER SYRINGES
CONVENTIONAL FINGER REST IS ESTABLISHED ON TOOTH SURFACE IMMEDIATELY ADJACENT TO WORKING AREA
CROSS ARCH FINGER REST IS ESTABILISHED ON TEETH SURFACE ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE SAME ARCH
OPPOSITE ARCH FINGER REST IS ESTABLISHED TOOTH SURFACE ON THE OPPOSITE ARCH
FINGER ON FINGER REST IS ESTABLISHED ON THE INDEX FINGER OR THUMB OF THE NONOPERATING HAND
FOR EFFECTIVE INSTRUMENTION OF SOME ASPECTS OF THE MAXILLARY POSTERIOR TEETH
PALM UP:- FULCRUM IS ESTABLISHED BY RESTING THE BACKS OF THE MIDDLE & FOURTH FINGER ON THE SKIN OVERLYING THE LATERAL ASPECTS OF THE MANDIBLE ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE SIDE
THE PALM DOWN FULCRUMM IS ESTABLISHED BY RESTING THE FRONT SURFACE OF THE MIDDLE & FOURTH FINGER ON THE SKIN OVERLYING THE LATER ASPECT OF THE MANDIBLE ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE
ADAPTATION ADAPTATION REFERS TO THE MANNER IN WHICH
THE WORKING END OF THE INSTRUMENT IS PLACED AGAINST THE TOOTH
ANGULATION ANGULATION REFERS TO THE ANGLE BETWEEN
THE FACE OF A BLADED INSTRUMENT AND THE TOOTH SURFACE
-ALSO CALLED TOOTH-BLADE RELATIONSHIP DURING INSERTION—0 SCALING & ROOT PLANING– 45-90
LATERAL PRESSURE IT REFERS TO THE PRESSURE CREATED WHEN
FORCE IS APPLIED AGAINST THE SURFACE OF THE TOOTH WITH THE CUTTING EDGE OF A BLADED INSTRUMENT
MAY BE FIRM, MODERATE OR LIGHT UNCONTROLLED APPLICATION OF HEAVY FORCES
SHOULD BE AVOIDED STROKES 3 TYPES -EXPLORATORY SCALING ROOT PLANINGANY OF THESE STROKES MAY BE ACTIVATED BY A
PULL OR PUSH MOTION IN VERTICAL OBLIQUE OR HORIZONTAL DIRECTION
EXPLORATORY STROKE LIGHT FEELING STROKE USED WITH PROBES
AND EXPLORERS TO EVALUATE THE DIMENTION OF POCKET & TO DETECT CALCULUS & IRREGULARITIES ON TOOTH SURFACE
SCALING STROKESHORT POWERFULL PULL STROKE USED WITH
BLADED INSTRUMENTS FOR THE REMOVAL OF BOTH SUBGINGIVAL & SUPRAGINGIVAL CALCULUS.
SCALING MOTION SHOULD BE INITIATED IN THE FORE ARM &TRANSMITTED TO THE WRIST TO THE HAND WITH A SLIGHT FLEXION OF FINGERS
PUSH SCALING MOTION IS RARELY USED
ROOT PLANING STROKEMODERATE TO LIGHT PULL STROKE USED
FOR FINAL SMOOTHENING & PLANING OF THE ROOT SURFACE
HOES, FILES, CURETTES & ULTRA SONIC INSTRUMENTS CAN BE USED
MOUNTED ROTARY STONESMOUNTED ON A METAL MANDRILLCYLINDRICAL CONICAL OR DISC SHAPEDDIFFICULT TO CONTROL, CREATES HEAT,
TENDS TO WEAR THE INSTRUMENT EASILY
UNMOUNTED STONESRECTANGULAR, CYLINDRICAL OR CONE
SHAPEDEITHER INSTRUMENT STABLIZED & STONE
DRAWN ACROSS IT OR STONE STABLIZED & INSTRUMENT DRAWN ACROSS STONE
Eg INDIA STONEARKANAS STONECERAMIC STONE