Periodic Table of Elements

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How’s it Organized???

Properties of MetalsConduction: Metals are good at conducting electricity. Silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) are some of the most efficient metals and are often used in electronics.

Reactivity: Metals are very reactive and form compounds with other elements quite easily. Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are some of the most reactive metals.

Properties of Metals

Chemical: Metals are usually the positive ions when forming compounds.

Alloys: Metals are easily combined. Mixtures of many elements are called alloys. Examples of alloys are steel and bronze.

Periods

Periods • All of the elements in a period have the same number of energy levels.

• Every element in the top row (the first period) has one energy level for its electrons.

• All of the elements in the second row (the second period) have two energy levels for their electrons.

• The maximum number of electron orbitals or energy levels for any element is seven.

Groups

Groups • The elements in a group have the same number of electrons in their outer orbital.

• Every element in the first column (group one) has one electron in its outer shell.

• Every element on the second column (group two) has two electrons in the outer shell.

Group 1 - Alkali Metals

• These elements have one electron one their outer shell

• These elements are VERY reactive

Group 2 - Alkaline Earth Metals

• These elements have two electrons one their outer shell

• This is the second most reactive family on the periodic table.

Transition Metals• Transition Metals do not

follow the rules of the representative elements.

• They have a lot of electrons and distribute them in different ways.

• Transition metals can use the two outermost shells to bond with other elements.

Group 17 (7A) - Halogens• These elements have

seven electrons in their outer shell

• They are all just one electron shy of having full shells.

• Halogens often form compounds with alkaline metals.

• When a halogen combines with another element, the resulting compound is called a halide.

Group 18 (8A) - Noble Gases

• All of the Noble Gases have full outer shells.

• These elements are “happy”• Noble Gases do not like to

bond with other elements.

Element Symbol Atomic # Mass # Protons Neutrons TotalElectrons

Valence Electrons Group #

1815512341171626109

Analyzing Atoms

Bohr Models

The number of electrons on the outermost shell

Valence Electrons