Perception : “ WE DON’T SEE THINGS AS THEY ARE, WE SEE THINGS AS WE ARE.”

Group Members

Harmeet Kaur

Digvijay Garg

Shelza Gupta

Atul Mittal

Dinesh Sharma

Arumka Jolly

Sameer Narang

Ashutosh rana

Abhishek Sasan

PerceptionPerception is the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us. It involves deciding which information to notice, how to categorize this information and how to interpret it within the framework of existing knowledge.

A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.

Factors Influencing Perception

A number of factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception.These factors can reside in the perceiver , in the object or target being perceived or in the context of the situation in which the perception is made

Factors in the perceiver• Attitudes• Motives• Interests• Experience• Expectations

Perception

Factors in the Target• Novelty• Motion• Sounds• Background

Factors in the situation• Time• Work Setting• Social Setting

Factors influencing Perception

Person Perception: Making Judgments About Others

Attribution Theory

Observation Interpretation Attribution of cause

Consistency

Consensus

Distictinctiveness

Individual behavior

Internal

External

Internal

External

Internal

ExternalH

L

H

L

H

LH –high L- Low

When Individuals observe behavior ,they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused

Shortcuts in judging others

Selection :

People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interests,

background, experience and attitudes.

Halo Effect :

Drawing a general impressions about an individual on the basis of a

single charecteristics.

Contrast Effect :

Evaluation of a person’s characteristics that are effected by comparisons

with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the

same characteristics.

Stereotyping :

Judging someone on the basis of one’s perception of the group to which that

persons belongs.

Specific Applications in Organizations:

1.) Employment Interview

2.) Performance Expectations 3.) Performance Evaluation

4.) Employee Effort

Employment Interview

A major input into who is hired and who is rejected in an organization is the employment interview

Performance Expectations

People attempt to validate their perceptions of reality even when those perceptions are faulty.

Self Fulfilling Prophecy and Pygmalion Effect

Performance Evaluation

An employee’s future is closely tied to the appraisal-promotion, pay raises and continuation of employees are among the most obvious outcomes.

Employee Effort

The easiest path to get more than minimal effort is to hire people who traditionally give more than the minimum.

References

1). http://jeanyves-mgmt220.blogspot.com/2010/03/setting- expectatiion.html

2). http://theselfimprovementsite.com/news/100303.php