1.

• Essential Questions:

What were Wilsons Fourteen Points?

How did the Treaty of Versailles impact WWI?

What was the League of Nations and why was it formed?

How did WWI impact nations around the world?

2.

Wilson gave speech to Congress

• Assured America that WWI was being fought for a moral cause

Listed Fourteen Points

• Point 1: No secret treaties

• Point 2: Freedom of the seas should be maintained for all

• Point 4: Arms should be reduced

• Points 6 to 13: Groups that claimed distinct ethnic identities were to form their own nations or decide what nations to belong

• Point 14: Called for an international organization to address crises

Basis for terms of the German surrender

3.

Ended war between Germany and the Allies

Signed on June 28, 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of the Archduke

Redrew the map of Europe:

• Established nine new nations

• Carved up the Middle East

The Treaty and Germany:

• Bared Germany from maintaining an army

• Germany had to pay $33 billion in reparations (war damages) to the Allies

• Germany had to take responsibility for causing the war (War Guilt Clause)

• Overall the Treaty humiliated Germany

4.

International organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles

League's goals included:

• Disarmament

• Preventing war through collective security

• Settling disputes by negotiations

U.S. Senators feared it would harm Americas policy of isolationism

• Staying out of foreign affairs

Wilson, who was ill, setoff on an 8,000 mile tour to gain support for the League

• Suffered a strokeand was partially paralyzed

Unable to campaign for the Treaty the Senate voted against entry into the League

5.

Four empires disappeared:

• German

• Austro-Hungarian

• Ottoman

• Russian

France alone lost 1.4 million soldiers

• Germany and Russia were similarly affected

Spanish Flu killed 50 million people worldwide

The collapse of the Ottoman Empire left a power vacuum

• Claims to land and nationhood emerged

6.

WWI was the bloodiest wars in history up to that time

Deaths numbered about 22 million, more than half of them civilians

20 million people were wounded

10 million people became refugees

The U.S. lost 48,000 men in battle and more than 200,000 were wounded

7.

Germans were unhappy with the Treaty of Versailles

Germans in the 1930s and 1940s said acts of international aggression were injustices imposed by the victors of the First World War

Adolf Hitler was able to feed off of this anger and gained popularity and power in Germany

8. United Kingdom Spain France Germany Portugal Norway Soviet Union Greece Denmark Netherlands Belgium Italy Austria Yugoslavia Romania Sweden Finland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Hungary Albania Switzerland