ANA LUISA DE LIZ - POL ARQUIMBAU - ZENGHAO JIANG

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1750-1840

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WAS INCREASE IN PRODUCTION

BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE USE OF MACHINES AND CHARACTERISED BY

THE USE OF NEW ENERGY SOURCES. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

MARKED A MAJOR TURNING POINT IN HISTORY: ALMOST EVERY

ASPECT OF DAILY LIFE WAS INFLUENCED IN SOME WAY.

WHAT DO WE OWE TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?

CAUSES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

=+Mortality decreases Birthrate increases Population growth

1. DEMOGRAPHIC REVOLUTION IN THE UK

England‘s population doubled from 8.3 million in 1801 to 16.8 million in 1850 and, by 1901, it nearly doubled again to 30.5 million.

2. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

OPEN FIELDS ARE TRANSFORMED INTO

CLOSED FIELDS BY THE ENCLOSURE ACTS:

B) FARMERS LEAVE TO GROWING CITIES

A) MORE BENEFITS FOR OWNERS, BUT FARMERS

LOSE COMMUNAL LAND TO FARM IN

(They were made private)

DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION BEFORE THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

EVERYONE ELSE

FARMERS

3. ECONOMIC LIBERALISM

COLONIES AND INVESTMENT IN

COMMERCE

ECONOMIC LIBERALISM=

• Private property (land and capital)

• No interference of the state in the productive system

• Free market regulated by the law of supply and demand

}PARLIAMENTARY

MONARCHY

AND

TEXTILE INDUSTRY GROWTH Cotton came from the British colonies (America and India)

With the big amount of cotton that was imported, new ways were needed to produce thread, therefore threading machines were created:

Water frame (It worked with hydraulic energy and produced 8

spindles of thread per hour)

Spinning Jenny (8 spindles of thread per

hour)

They were created before the steam engine

THE STEAM ENGINE

The steam engined machine was created by James Watt in 1776. This supposed and enormous change in the production activities, machines worked faster. This machine is regarded as the main symbol of the industrial revolution. It contributed to the new invention of this revolutionary time.

TEXTILE INDUSTRY GROWTH

Spinning mule (It worked with steam

power and produced 64 spindles of thread per

hour)

In 1776 the steam powered machines started to work and the last innovation in threading machines used this new resource:

The production of thread increased heavily so 2 weaving machines were created, that improved in

productivity with time

Flying Shuttle (could make wider pieces of

clothing)

Power Loom (Works steam engine and was the most advanced of its time)

They were created after the steam engine

COAL REVOLUTION

The main source of energy during the

Industrial Revolution was coal

Many of the factories concentrated close to the coal mines

Development of the steel and metallurgic

industries

Need to transport the coal and the steel

more efficiently TRANSPORTS REVOLUTION

TRANSPORTS REVOLUTION 1. Creation of a fluvial channel and canal system

2. Radial roadway around London

3. Creation of wagons and railways. CONSEQUENCES

Easier transportation

of heavy metals

Reduction in the price of

final products

Improvement and more

incentives in production

Growth of commercial

activity

4. Steam boat. It made overseas commerce easier and faster

SOCIAL CLASSES THAT EMERGED

The social classes in the Industrial Revolution were based on financial status

or a person’s profession / working situation.

Proletariat (factory workers)

and farmers

Middle class: qualified workers (doctors, lawyers...)

and industrial technicians

High class: industrial

businessman and

bourgeoisie

LIVING CONDITIONS OF THE WORKING CLASS

High alcoholism and smoking habits among

men.

Dirty and dark streets

Fast spreading of disease

Constant and disorganized

growth of slums

Bad hygienic conditions at

home

WORKING CONDITIONS OF THE WORKING CLASS

Absence of trade unions or pensions

Low wagesStrict discipline ,

corporal and economic

punishment

Inexistent aid for unemployed and

sick people

Long working hours with very little break time

CHILD LABOR

Children were an essential part of income for their

homes

Children did not often go to school

They received only the necessary

education to work

They were often paid less than

men and women

They started working at 5-7 years old and worked for

14- 16 hours per day

WOMEN IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

They were paid less than men

even thought they worked the same

or harder.

They worked mainly in textiles

factories and domestic service

They had double work: at

their homes and the factory

work.

IMPORTANT PEOPLE AND DATESThe First Industrial Revolution was the one that happened between 1750 and 1840.

James WattHe invented the steam machine.

This invention was the “BOOM” of industrial growth.

It was first put to work in 1776

Adam SmithWas the main theorist of classical

liberalism, based on private property and free market without

the intervention of the state.

MORE IMPORTANT PEOPLE AND DATES

Robert FultonInaugurated in 1807 the

steam boat Clermont , that made the New York - Albany trajectory in only 32 hours.

George Stephenson He built the first public inter-city railway line in the world to use

steam locomotives: the Liverpool and Manchester Railway that

opened in 1830.

The most imposing ideas that flowered to denounce the situation of the workers, were later included in the birth of labor movement. They were postulated by:

Karl Marx Elaborator Marxism or scientific socialism

together with Friedrich Engels. Marxism based its theories on the struggle between the social classes that emerged

during the Industrial Revolution and proposed a violent conquest of power by the

proletariat.

Mikhaïl Bakunin He defended spontaneous

rebellion of the people against the capitalist society and the state with anarchism. The main objective was the destruction of the

social order and the state’s control instruments (police, army, government)

“The motor of history is class struggle” - Karl Marx "Freedom without Socialism is privilege and injustice; Socialism without freedom is slavery and brutality " - Mikhaïl Bakunin

INDUSTRIALISATION IN OTHER COUNTRIES

NORWAY

The most industries have been since

then; fishery, metal and chemical/

technical industries

Norway followed the “ripple effect of

industrialisation” that characterised this

time

Great advances were made in agriculture

during the 18th century and full

industrialisation happened from mid

19th century onwards

TURKEY Turkey’s industrialisation began after the

establishment of the Turkish Republic

(1923)

The main industries that developed since

then have been textile, glass, ware and

furniture

SPAINSpain only started industrialising in the mid 19th century

The most developed areas were two:

The shipping industry was also

important

Catalonia in the textile industry, following the British model of

machines

The Basque Country where the metal industry was predominant, making use of the mines in the

north of the country

LITHUANIA

Lithuania was a major supplier of specialized military and industrial technology to the Soviet Union

while under its control.

Lithuanian people enjoyed one of the highest standards of living in the Union. Especially on farms, goods became visibly more abundant and life grew more comfortable during

the early 1970s.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS1.What was the Industrial Revolution?

a) An increase in production brought about by the use of machines

b) A time in which new energy sources started being used

c) A and B are correct

2.Where did it start and how long is it considered to last for?

a) It started in China and lasted from 1780 to 1870

b) It started in the UK and it lasted from 1750 to 1840

c) It started in the UK and it covers the period from 1750 to 1870

3.What were the main three causes for this Revolution to happen?

The Demographic, the Agricultural Revolution and the Economic

Liberalism.

4. How did the population come to grow?

The population growth was caused by a decrease in the mortality and an

increase in the birth rates

5.What were the two consequences of the enclosure acts?

The landowners would earn more Money but the people that depended on the

land had to leave the rural areas and go to the growing cities.

6. What type of monarchy was there in England at the time?

a) Parliamentary monarchy

b) Absolute monarchy

c) Elective monarchy

7.What was the first industry to go through the revolution?

a) The metallurgic industry

b) The textile industry

c) The transports industry

8.Which were the 3 basic principles of economic liberalism?

- Private property (land and capital)

- No interference of the state in the productive system

- Free market regulated by the law of supply and demand

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS9.Who invented the steam machine and in which year?

a) James Watt in 1776

b) Adam Smith in 1770

c) James Watt in 1788

10.What was the main source of energy in the Industrial Revolution?

a) Petrol

b) Water

c) Coal

11. Which as the main reason for the Transports Revolution?

a) To transport coal and steel more efficientlyb) To encourage people to foreign placesc) To get all the cities communicated

12. Which was the first improvement in the transports industry?

a) Radial roadway around Londonb) The creation of a fluvial channel and canal systemc) Creation of wagons and railways

13. What was the final consequence of the invention of the railway wagon?

a) Increases the price of the final productb) Needed more time to transport the materialc) Growth of commercial activity

14. What were the social classes based on?a) Financial status or a person’s professionb) The hours of workingc) The family you were born, you couldn’t change your social class

15. Which new social classes emerged?a) The middle class and the proletariatb) The proletariat and the bourgeoisiec) The bourgeoisie and the middle class

16. Who integrated the middle class?a) The businessmen with less powerb) Qualified workers and industrial techniciansc) The proletariat

17. Name 2 living and 2 working conditions of the working class2 living conditions:-Bad hygienic conditions at home-Dirty and dark streets

2 working conditions:-Long working hours with very little break- Low wages

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS18. Why didn’t children go to school during the Industrial Revolution period?a) Because they were educated at homeb) Because there was a lot of children at home and there wasn’t enough money to educate them allc) They had to contribute to the family’s income

19. In which industries did women generally work in?a) They did not workb) They were only doing domestic servicec) In textiles industries

20. When did the first locomotive make its first trip?a) (1859) Between London and Manchester b) (1830) Between Liverpool and Manchester c) (1900) Between Liverpool and Manchester

21. What was Marxism based on?a) Establishing an absolute monarchyb) Establishing a parliamentary monarchyc) In the struggle between social classes

22. What did anarchism propose?a) Spontaneous revolutionb) Destruction of social orderc) A and B are correct

Extra questions:23. Which were the industries developed in Norway?a) Fishing, metal, chemical industriesb) Nuclear, metal, fishingc) Hydraulic, steel, fishing

24. Which industries have become the most important in Turkey since industrialisation?a) Textiles, glassware, furnitureb) Fishing, metal, chemical industriesc) Textile, fishing, glassware

25. What industries developed in Spain?a) Textile, railway, fishingb) textile, steel, chemicalc) Textile, maritime, metal

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS26. What paper did Lithuania have industrially during the period of the Soviet Union?a) Military and technologicalb) Nuclear and textilesc) Marine and textiles

27. What do we owe to the Industrial Revolution? * Watch the video again *

28. Are the social classes of the Industrial Revolution still “standing today”?Yes. Classification of people depending on their capital is still a factor

of nowadays. Today we distinguish in society: rich, middle and poor class.

29. What are the inventions from the industrial revolution that we still use today or have been improved upon?- Public education- Cinema- The electric motor- Antibiotics

30. Considering the technological changes we adapt to every day, do you think we're undergoing a 3rd industrial revolution?Yes due to the following factors:•The change to renewable energies •The conversion of buildings into energy plants•Rechargeable batteries and other energy-storing techniques.•Transports based on electrical vehicles, chargeable hybrids •Technology has made a 360° spin and its daily evolution is spectacular (IT revolution, 3D printing, smartphones...)

The industrial revolution caused a change in the social, economic, political and lifestyle of mankind, due to the invention and implementation of large-scale machines.Job performance increased and production costs decreased, which provided a tremendous growth in the wealth of the industrialised nations.All in all, we owe so much to the Industrial Revolution as 90% of our daily life is marked by it.

Yes. Classification of people depending on their capital is still a factor of nowadays. Today we distinguish in society: rich, middle and poor class.