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Parts of Speech
By Piret Lehiste
Parts of Speech
Morphology is a field of linguistics focused on the study of the forms and formation of words in a language.
In Greek: ‘morph’ (shape, form) + ‘logos’ (study)Morphology deals with the internal structure of words.
A part of speech is a linguistic category of words sharing syntactic or morphological behaviour and semantic properties (such as a noun or a verb).
Parts of speech describe the job a word does in a sentence.
NounsA noun is a word that names a person, place, a thing, or an idea.
Examples:Person: uncle, baby, JohnThing: car, door, bookIdea: truth, beauty
VerbsA verb is a word that expresses action or a state of being.
Examples:The students did their homework. Studying grammar rocks :)I live in Tallinn.
Adjectives
An adjective is a word that modifies a noun by limiting its meaning.
Examples: romantic story many ideas Scottish wool
Adverbs
An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb by making its meaning more specific. Adverbs modify by answering the questions “when”, “where”, “how”.
Examples:She often drinks tea with milk. Jack carefully polished his car.
Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that can take the place of a noun.
Examples:I, me, their, myself, these, each other
Prepositions
A preposition is a word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to some other word in a sentence.
Examples:above, behind, during, from, since, through, without
Conjunctions
A conjunction is a word that joins single words or groups of words.
Examples:or, but, because, while, although
InterjectionsAn interjection is a word or phrase that expresses
emotion or exclamation.
Examples:wow, ouch, hey, hello, oops
ArticlesArticles are used to indicate nouns and to specify
their application.
Examples:a / an – indefinite articlethe – definite article
I bought myself a guitar.He can play the guitar very well.
Numerals
A numeral is a word that represents a number or shows the order of objects through counting.
Examples: three, one hundred, fifth
A POEM
Every name is called a noun, As field and fountain, street and town;In place of noun the pronoun standsAs he and she can clap their hands;
The adjective describes a thing,As magic wand and bridal ring;
The verb means action, something done -To read, to write, to jump, to run;
How things are done, the adverbs tell,As quickly, slowly, badly, well;
The preposition shows relation,As in the street, or at the station;Conjunctions join, in many ways,
Sentences, words, or phrase and phrase;The interjection cries out, ‘Hark!
I need an exclamation mark!‘Through poetry, we learn how each
Of these make up the parts of speech
Parts of Speech
Identify all the parts of speech in the following sentence:
Yesterday we went to the cinema because John had luckily received two free tickets.
Match the parts of speech with their examples in the word cloud.
Key 1yesterday - adverbwe - pronounwent - verbto - prepositionthe - articlecinema - nounbecause - conjunctionJohn - nounhad - verbluckily - adverbreceived - verbtwo - numeralfree - adjectivetickets - noun
Key 2
Noun: cloud, interestVerb: irritate, organiseAdjective: strong, funnyAdverb: seriously, angrilyPreposition: under, duringConjunction: although, ifInterjection: wow, helloNumeral: thirty, fourthPronoun: herselfArticle: the