PACE-IT: Basic Network Concepts (part 3)

Basic network concepts III.

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Instructor, PACE-IT Program – Edmonds Community College

Areas of Expertise Industry Certifications

PC Hardware

Network Administration

IT Project Management

Network Design

User Training

IT Troubleshooting

Qualifications Summary

Education

M.B.A., IT Management, Western Governor’s University

B.S., IT Security, Western Governor’s University

Entrepreneur, executive leader, and proven manger with 10+ years of experience turning complex issues into efficient and effective solutions.

Strengths include developing and mentoring diverse workforces, improving processes, analyzing business needs and creating the solutions required— with a focus on technology.

Brian K. Ferrill, M.B.A.

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– Numbering systems.

– Conversion tables.

PACE-IT.

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Numbering systems.Basic network concepts III.

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Numbering systems.

While computer code and communication can get very complex, it can also be broken down to a basic bit level.

A bit has one of two values. It either has a value of zero (0) or a value of one (1). These values can also be thought of as being off (0) or on (1).

These bit values are actually the only information that computing devices know. By combining and adding different bits together, computers can communicate with each other and programs can be created.

Because of this, technicians need to know how to work with the binary (base 2) numbering system.


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Numbering systems.

– Binary.» A base 2 numbering system, where each position has

one of two basic values, it is either a 0 or a 1.» It is written from right to left, with the potential value of

digits being doubled with each additional digit.• If a 0 is the placeholder, it has a null value (or no

absolute value) and if a 1 is present, the actual value is double the potential value of the digit to the right.

• To derive the final value of a binary number, add all of the potential values together.

» The binary numbering system is very important when dealing with computers and networking. You should become comfortable with converting from decimal (base 10) values to binary and from binary back to the decimal format.

• http://www.mathsisfun.com/binary-number-system.html

– Bit, byte, and nibble.» A bit is a single 0 or 1.» A byte is eight (8) bits (e.g., 11111111) and it can also

be called an octet.» A nibble is half of a byte or four (4) bits (e.g., 1010).


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Numbering systems.

– Hexadecimal.» A base 16 numbering system that uses the numbers 0

through 9 and the letters a through f to represent the values 10 to 15.

» Functions the same as binary, but with base 16.» Each hexadecimal digit has a potential binary value of

1111 and can be referred to as a nibble (i.e., half of a byte).

» A hexadecimal number can often be recognized by the notation prefix of 0x, which directly precedes the hexadecimal number.

» Hexadecimal is widely used in programming and networking.

– Examples of binary and hexadecimal use.

» IPv4 addresses can be represented by a 32-bit binary number that is divided into four 8-bit sets; each 8-bit set is equal to one byte.

• 00011000.01110001.10111001.01110110 = decimal value of 24.113.185.118

» IPv6 addresses are represented by a 128-bit binary number that is divided into eight two-byte (16-bit) sets.

• 2001:0000:9d38:6ab8:34b7:3b4e:e78e:4689 = decimal value of 8193:0:40248:27320:13495:15182:59278:18057


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Conversion tables.Basic network concepts III.

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Conversion tables.Basic network concepts III.

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What was covered.Basic network concepts III.

Computer code and communication can be broken down to a bit level. A bit can have one of two values. It can be a zero (0) or a one (1). Binary (base 2) numbering is important to computing systems. Binary is written right to left, with each new digit having a potential value of twice the potential value of the digit to its right. To derive the value of a binary number, add all of the absolute values of the binary numbers together. A byte is eight bits, and a nibble is half of a byte. Hexadecimal, which is a base 16 numbering system, is also used in computing systems. It uses the letters a through f to represent the numbers 10 through 15. Hexadecimal notation often begins with 0x to denote that what follows is a base 16 number.

Topic

Numbering systems.

Summary

When working with binary or hexadecimal numbers, it is advisable to create a reference table to help with the conversions.Conversion tables.

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THANK YOU!

This workforce solution was 100 percent funded by a $3 million grant awarded by the U.S. Department of Labor's Employment and Training Administration. The solution was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. The Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability or ownership. Funded by the Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, Grant #TC-23745-12-60-A-53.

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