Other aspects of communication

Communication is enhanced by paralinguistic

(“beyond language”) and non linguistic message.

ExamplePa

ralin

gu

isti

c Intonation, stress, rate of speech, and pauses and hesitation.

Non

lin

gu

isti

c

gesture, facial expression, and body language.

Language Attitudes

Are some languages

better than

others?

One prevalent attitude is that

some languages or varieties of

language are more correct or better

than others.

Example of answering the phone with varieties of language of the Spanish.

Argentina pick up the phone and

says “allo” (hello)

Latin pick up the receiver and say “diga” (speak)

Mexican say “bueno” (good or

well)

None of these responses is better than any other.

Depending on where you are, there are many appropriate ways to answer the phone in

Spanish.

Are some language

more expressive

than others?

“An expression of this bias is that some languages are less logical

than others. while all

languages may be inherently

capable of serving all

purpose human may ask of them, specific language evolve differently

through processes of

variation, adaptation, and

selection.” - Mariel Saville-

Troike (1982,p.82)

Some languages barrow to

meet expanding technological needs.

• Example of barrowed language

English• tele

phone

Hebrew• tele

phone

Neologism

by addin

g suffix

es and

prefixes.

• Solvable (solve), lemonade (lemon), formalism (formal).

By making acronyms

• Asap (as soon as possible), modem (modulator-demodulator), laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation).

By blending,

shorten or clip

words

• Flu (influenza), exam (examination), fax (facsimile), photo (photograph), Motel (motor and hotel).

Linguists agree that all language are

linguistically equal and that every

language is equally capable of expressing whatever its speaker

need to communicate.

Lan

gu

ag

e

vari

eti

es

standard

dialect

Pidgins and creoles

register

But it is slang?

•Standard

It is commonly assumed that there are standard , fixed and correct form of a language against which we can measure a given sample of that language.The term standard is elusive precisely because it has its roots in politics rather than in any basics truth about language.

•Dialect

Dialects are variation of a language used by particular groups of people.

Water pistol on the east coast of the united

states is a squirt gun on

the west coast.

In Spanish, a peach is

melocotón in Puerto Rico and Durazno

in Mexico.

Example

Pidgins and Creoles

Pidgins

Sometimes language in contact produce pidgins.

This happens when speakers of two different languages, compelled to

talk to each other, develop a bare-bones

code for communication.

Pidgin become creoles when new generation learns about

it.

Creoles

Pidgin• Limited and

simplified language.

Creole• More

complex and elaborate than pidgins which they evolve.

good nyews bout Jedus Christ wa Luke 2:10. bot da angel tell um say,”mus don’t feah!ahabe good nyews. Cause ob dis nyews, oona gwine rejoice. All de people gwine rejaice tommuch.

Luke 2:10

And the angel said unto them, fear not: for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people.

Register

People use different varieties of language, depending on the setting, relationship, between speakers, and function of the interaction.

A register is a situationally appropriate form of language.

But it is Slang?

The word slang is

commonly used to refer,

somewhat pejoratively,

to non-standard speech.

Dork, jerk idiot, and moron.

Example