Organic Molecules vocabulary

Lipids

Lipids:Fats and oils. Composed of carbon and hydrogen. They are used to store energy long term. Examples: butter, vegetable oil, found in cell membranes.

Monomer

Monomer:Smallest building block of a macromolecule. Used to make other molecules. For example: glucose and fructose are monomers of carbohydrates. Glucose + Fructose together make sucrose.

Monosaccharide

monosaccharide:Simple sugars. Glucose and fructose are examples. Larger sugars are made by combining the simple sugars together.

Nucleic Acid

Nucleic Acid:Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous. Building blocks of DNA & RNA. Used to store the genetic information of the cell. Ex: DNA & RNA.

Enzymes

Enzymes:A protein that increases the rate at which chemical reactions. The enzyme does not change.

Proteins

Proteins:Composed of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen, and sulfur. Building blocks of amino acids. Examples: muscles in body, collogen in skin, hemoglobin in blood.

Polysaccharide

Polysaccharide:Many simple sugars in very long chains. Create molecules to be used for long-term energy storage. Examples: glycogen & cellulose.

Disaccharide

Disaccharide:Two simple sugars joined together. Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose.

Polymer

Polymer:Long chains of monomers stuck together.

Carbohydrate

Carbohydrate:Molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They provide energy for living things. Examples: glucose, sucrose, cellulose.