ORAL PRESENTATION (PART 1)

NAME: LOH PEY MUNID: 0318572

MODULE: COM30103SUBMISSION: 19 JANUARY 2015

ANGKOR WAT

CONTENTS

• Brief Bio of Angkor Wat

• Historical

• Structure and layout of the building monuments and ornamentation

• Types of materials

• Other informations

CITY OF TEMPLE• It is the largest religious monument in the world.

• “Angkor” means city ; “Wat” means temple.

• Located at Siem Reap Province, Cambodia.

• Is one of the important archaeological sites in South-East Asia.

• Size: 208 Hectares.

• Angkor Wat was built in the first half of the 12th century (113-5BC) by King SuryavarmanII, dedicated to Vishu (Hindu).

• This construction time of the temple was almost 30 years.

• Angkor Wat is the best preserved, is an architectural masterpiece. Its perfection in composition, balance, proportions, relief's and sculpture make it one of the finest monuments in the world.

• In 1992, according to the cultural heritage, ANGKOR WAT enrolled by United Nation, UN into World Heritage.

• So, UNESCO has set up a wide-ranging programmed to safeguard this symbolic site and its surroundings.

HISTORICAL

Khmer Empire• Began in the 9th century.

• The first King of the empire was JayavarmanⅡ.

• He proclaimed Cambodia’s independence from Java.

• In year 802, he established his state to be a King.

JayavarmanⅡ

After the several generation of the King’s efforts, in the early 12th

century, Khmer Empire expansion into most of the territory of Thailand.

Each generation of kings also built their own temple to memory them .

SuryavarmanⅡ• In the first half of the 12th century, Khmer Empire was

dominated by King of Cambodia, SuryavarmanⅡ and moved to Angkor.

• By killed his uncle Dharanindravarman I.• Because he dominated the empire from illegal means, so, he

need to consolidate his prestige.• And last, he built Angkor Wat.• Whose immense architectural realization of Angkor Wat was

to mark the apogee of classical Khmer.

SuryavarmanⅡ

In 1177, approximately 27 years after the death of Suryavarman II, Angkor was sacked by the Chams, the

traditional enemies of the Khmer. Thereafter the empire was restored by a new king, Jayavarman VII,

who established a new capital and state temple Angkor Thom and the Bayon respectively.

Henri Mouhot popularised the temple in the west in the mid 19th-century. In the late 13th century, Angkor

Wat gradually moved from Hindu to Theravada Buddhist use, which continues to the present day.

Angkor Abandoned• In 1431 year, Siam broken Zhenla capital of

Angkor. Zhenla moved the capital to Phnom Penh.

• Angkor Wat abandoned by Khmer and the temple slowly covered by the forest.

• Many years ago, some Khmer’s hunters went into the forest to hunt and accidentally discovered Angkor Wat.

• 16 century, the temple is known as Angkor Wat.

Angkor Wat after the Khmer Empire

• In 1860, the French led an expedition into the heart of Cambodia attempting, inspired by the European hunger for exploration and discovery.

• Since the mid-1800s Europe and the West have been spellbound by the ancient city of Angkor Wat.

• The French pioneered an Angkor Wat restoration project in 1908 that continues to this day.

STRUCTURE AND LAYOUT,ORNAMENTATION

The Overall Plan of Angkor Wat

MOAT

FOR

EST

WEST GOPURA

EAST GOPURA

NORTH GAPURA

SOUTH GAPURA

LILY POND

CAUSEWAY

SANCTUARY

SANCTUARY

• Built on 3 levels.

• First level consists of an open gallery, with the inner wall continuously covered with bas-relief depicting scenes from the Mahabharata, the Ramayama and other stories from the Hindu pantheon.

• A flight of stairs leads to the second level which is less ornate, and a very steep stairway leads up to the top level with its central sanctuary.

Angkor Wat Inner Sanctuary

First Level

Second Level

Third Level

First Level• Is a open gallery

• -Battle of Lanka

-Battle of Kurukshetra

-The Grand Army

-Heavens and Hells

-Battle of Gods and Demons

-Victory of Vishun over Asuras

-Victory of Krishna

-Churming of the sea of milk

• Inside also have some figure of Buddha.

Battle of Lanka Battle of Kurukshetra

The Grand Army Heavens and Hells

Churming of the sea of milk

Battle of Gods and Demons Victory of Vishun over Asuras

Victory of Krishna

There are two library at the first level. One at north site and another one at south site.

At Angkor Wat, there are many Hindu statue without head. It was because they were stolen.

Second Level

Third Level

Other Decoration

Devatas are characteristic of the Angkor Wat style. Deva is the Hindu term for deity (god).

Angkor Wat special pillars.

Hindu head is the icon of Khmer civilization, Angkor Wat in Cambodia endures as a revered religious shrine.

Vishnu statue, Angkor Wat

TYPES OF MATERIALS

Laterite

• Angkor Wat’s foundation is made up of laterite.• Laterite is a red , porous soil that contain a high

iron content.• It is found in hot and wet tropical environments.• Builders formed the laterite into bricks, which dried

when exposed to air.• The temple’s outer wall also made up by laterite.

Sandstone Buildings Blocks

• Is the main building material for Angkor Wat’s walls and towers.• Identified the types of sandstone is based on the color, texture,

chemical composition and mineral content.• Gray to yellow-brown stone , red sandstone and green greywacke

are hard sandstone.• Transported from Mount Kulen .• Water, bat droppings, weathering, trees, algae, lichens will

damaged the stone.

Timber

• Timber was used for non-religious buildings such as, pavilions and dwellings.

• Due to the perishable nature of timber, there are very few examples of wood building remains at Angkor.

• The remains of only a few door lintels and timber supports can be noted today in some of the gopuras (door of temple).

Metalwork

• To tie stone blocks together and possibly for sheets of metal used to line some sanctuary walls.

• Used to attach some type of wall covering.

Stucco

• Used as a finish materials on the brick monuments in Angkor.

• Made by lime and a coarse sand.

• Is very durable and adheres well to the brick wall.

OTHER INFORMATIONS

• Angkor Wat used to be one of the Sevenwonders of the world.

• But not anymore.

• Tomb Raider was a 2001 action film.

• There was a part framed in Angkor Wat.

References

• http://www.siemreapcambodia.org/history/

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkor_Wat

• http://asiaforvisitors.com/cambodia/angkor/angkorwat.html

• http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/668

• http://www.tourismcambodia.com/attractions/angkor/angkor-wat.htm

• http://www.theangkorguide.com/images/download/Angkor.pdf

Thank You!!!