OpendTect project2015

Department of Petroleum Engineering

Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic)

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Table of contents Generating a filter for:

Random noise attenuation And to sharpen the faults

Generating and plotting attributes The most positive curvature, The most negative curvature, Maximum

curvature, Minimum curvature, Apparent dip (45˚), Inline dip, Semblance, Similarity, Instantaneous phase

Conclusions Reference

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Question (1)(a) Generate a filter for removing random noise and to sharpen the faults. This filter may be combined byboth a “median filter” and “diffusion filter” with appropriate steering cube and parameters.

(b) Plot the filtered seismic data and the original seismic data and compare them.

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The data with 100-350 inline range and 290-600 crossline range have been chosen.

Fig.1. original seismic data inline 200.4/37

Creating the steering cubeBring up the Create Steering Seismics window via Processing > Dip Steering > 3D > Create.

Fig.2. Detailed-dip-steered seismic section, 200 inline.5/37

Applying parameters for random noise attenuation and fault enhancement

Fig.3. Similarity attribute setting.

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Fig.4. Detailed-steered similarity attribute applied to the seismic section, inline 200. 7/37

To apply a dip-steered median filter to a seismic data set, you need to define anattribute of type “Volume statistics”:1. Start the attribute engine.2. Select Volume Statistics as attribute type and apply the settings as below.

Fig.5. Detailed-dip-steered median filter setting.8/37

Fig.6. Detailed-dip-steered median filter applied to seismic section, inline 200. 9/37

Dip-Steered Diffusion Filter

The dip-steered diffusion filter is used to replace low quality traces by neighbouring traces of better

quality. This migration will be performed using a Similarity attribute.

To apply a dip-steered diffusion filter to a seismic data use the defined similarity and dip-steered

median filter attributes.

For applying dip-steered median filter Start the attribute engine and Now specify Position as attribute

type.

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Fig.7. Detailed-dip-steered diffusion filter setting.

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Fig.8.Detailed-dip-steered diffusion filter applied to seismic section, inline 200. 12/37

Fault Enhancement Filter

The fault enhancement filter is a combination of dip-steered median filter and diffusion

filter, modifying the seismic volume to enhance fault visibility. Based on similarity, the

data is smoothed away from the faults and sharpened at the fault location.

For applying fault enhancement filter start the attribute engine and now specify

mathematics as attribute type.

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Fig.9. Fault enhancement filter setting.14/37

Fig.10. Fault enhancement filter applied to seismic section with 12 msec time gate for similarity attribute, inline 200. 15/37

Fig.11. Original seismic section, inline 200.16/37

Fig.12. Fault enhancement filter applied to seismic section with 48 msec time gate for similarity attribute, inline 200. 17/37

After creating the new survey and importing data

Fig.13. Original seismic section, inline 200.18/37

Generate and plot the following attributes. Compare the results of following attributes on the filtered data and on the original data:

– The most positive curvature– The most negative curvature– Maximum curvature– Minimum curvature– Apparent dip (450)– Inline dip– Semblance– Similarity– Instantaneous phase

Question (2)

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Figure.14. The most positive curvature applied to original seismic data, inline 200.20/37

Figure.15. The most positive curvature applied to filtered seismic data, inline 200.21/37

Figure.16. The most negative curvature applied to original seismic data, inline 200.22/37

Figure.17. The most negative curvature applied to filtered seismic data, inline 200.23/37

Figure.18. The maximum curvature applied to original seismic data, inline 200.24/37

Figure.19. The maximum curvature applied to filtered seismic data, inline 200.25/37

Figure.20. The minimum curvature applied to original seismic data, inline 200.26/37

Figure.21. The minimum curvature applied to filtered seismic data, inline 200.27/37

Figure.22. The apparent dip (45˚) applied to original seismic data, inline 200.28/37

Figure.23. The inline dip applied to original seismic data, inline 200.29/37

Figure.24. The detailed-dip-steered semblance attribute applied to original seismic data, inline 200. 30/37

Figure.25. The detailed-dip-steered semblance attribute applied to filtered seismic data, inline 200. 31/37

Figure.26. The detailed-dip-steered similarity attribute applied to original seismic data, inline 200. 32/37

Figure.27. The detailed-dip-steered similarity attribute applied to filtered seismic data, inline 200. 33/37

Figure.28. The instantaneous phase attribute applied to original seismic data, inline 200.34/37

Figure.29. The instantaneous phase attribute applied to filtered seismic data, inline 200.35/37

Conclusions Median filter attenuates the random noise. Diffusion filter sharpen the faults and other events exist in the seismic data. Fault enhancement filter attenuates the random noise where the similarity is more then

0.5 and sharpen the faults and discontinuity where the similarity is less than 0.5. Faults and fractures and their geometries can be determined from curvature attributes. Similarity and semblance attributes are both used in faults and fractures determination,

but as it has been showed similarity attribute sharpened the faults more than the semblance attribute.

Smaller time gate in similarity attribute will results more detail and then improve the diffusion and the fault enhancement filter.

The faults and fractures can be determined from sudden alteration in dip. If the instantaneous phase attribute is applied to filtered data, the random noise will be

attenuated in comparison with the time that it is applied to the original data.

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