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Open Education:
Building the future of education
Mary Lou Forward
Executive Director
Open Education Consortium
www.oeconsortium.org
Unless otherwise indicated, this presentation is licensed CC-BY 4.0
What, why & how of Open Education
• Changing needs & trends in Higher Education
• Importance of open education in addressing these needs
• Copyright and Creative Commons licenses
• Impact of Open Education
• Using OER
• Getting started with OER projects
• Strategies for success
Why Open Education?
Education Is Sharing
The basics
Teachers Share With Students
knowledge and skills
feedback
motivation
Students Share With Teachers
questions
assignments & assessments
discussions
If There Is No Sharing
there is no education
Slides 2-5 adapted from David Wiley www.opencontent.org
Education is a renewable resource
It can enrich both those who receive it and those who give it
It can be shared multiple times without being depleted
New generations can build on it and increase its value
Trends & Realities
in Global Higher Education
Technology
&
The Information Age
By OER Africa (CCBY)
By thelampnyc (CCBY-NC-ND)
By Ed Yourdon (CCBY-SA)
The Internet is a powerful tool for sharing
The Internet is a powerful tool for education
When these people were teaching, information was scarce
By Luther College Photos http://www.flickr.com/photos/luthercollegearchives/1485877774/ CC-BY-NC-ND
Now information is at your fingertips
By Matt from London (CCBY)
Role of teachers changing from someone who provides information
to someone who helps make sense of information
Globalization
evikdpriagung.wordpress.com cc-by-nc-sa
By Nathan Matias //www.flickr.com/photos/natematias/7182242996 CC-BY-SA 2.0
Increasing Costs
for Learners
Source http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-368
Page 6 GAO-13-368 College Textbooks
course materials may also be limited given their uniqueness to a particular course on a particular campus.
In 2005, based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we reported that new college textbook prices had risen at twice the rate of annual inflation over the course of nearly two decades, increasing at an average of 6 percent per year and following close behind increases in tuition and fees.8
Figure 1: Estimated Increases in New College Textbook Prices, College Tuition and Fees, and Overall Consumer Price Inflation, 2002 to 2012
More recent data show that textbook prices continued to rise from
2002 to 2012 at an average of 6 percent per year, while tuition and fees increased at an average of 7 percent and overall prices increased at an average of 2 percent per year. As reflected in figure 1 below, new textbook prices increased by a total of 82 percent over this time period, while tuition and fees increased by 89 percent and overall consumer prices grew by 28 percent.
8These price increases occurred from December 1986 to December 2004. See GAO-05-806.
Pricing and Spending
$1,207Average student budget for books and
supplies 2013-2014 academic year
Source http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/average-estimated-undergraduate-budgets-2013-14
Macroeconomics (5th Edition) by Stephen D. Williamson
Source http://www.ucsbstuff.com
Source http://www.coursesmart.com/macroeconomics-fifth-edition/stephen-d-williamson/dp/9780132992787
Image © from http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/28/showbiz/heat-director-buddy-cop/
2 in 3Students say they didn’t buy the
textbook because the cost is too high
Source http://www.uspirg.org/reports/usp/fixing-broken-textbook-market
1 in 2Students say they have taken fewer
courses due to the cost of textbooks
Source http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.pdf
Students can’t learn from materials
they can’t afford
Slides 20-29 adapted from Nicole Allen, SPARC
Preparing for the future
Source: http://www.tomorrowtoday.co.za copyright unknown
Coyright unkown
Source: https://kent.ac.uk copyright unknown
By USAID_IMAGES (CCBY-NC)
Interconnectedness, changing economies, rapid development =
Education is a necessity, not a luxury
Demand & Access
18.120.0
22.524.0
25.9 27.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Gro
ss E
nro
lme
nt
Rat
e. T
ert
iary
(IS
CED
5 &
6).
To
tal (
%)
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics in EdStats, July 2011Note: SAS 2009 is 2008 data.
EAP ECA LAC MNA SAS SSA WLD
World Bank, The State of Education, 2011
Percentage of population <15
http://library.umassmed.edu/omha/american_archives2009/more_photos.html
Q. How many large universities can we build
in the next 5-10 years?
Worldwide Participation in Higher Education is
Expected to Grow ~60% by 2025…
2011 2025
Worldwide Participants in Tertiary Education, 2011 and 2025 Projected
Source: http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/features/a-different-world/2001128.article; OECD indicators Education
at a Glance 2012 and Trends in Global Higher Education: Tracking an Academic Revolution, UNESCO 2009
165M
263M
http://library.umassmed.edu/omha/american_archives2009/more_photos.html
Q. How many large universities can we build
in the next 5-10 years?
http://library.umassmed.edu/omha/american_archives2009/more_photos.html
Q. How many large universities can we build
in the next 5-10 years?
A. Not enough
The time is right for new approaches
What is Open Education?
Open Education encompasses resources, tools and
practices that employ a framework of open sharing to
improve educational access and effectiveness worldwide.
Open Education combines the traditions of knowledge
sharing and creation with 21st century technology to
create a vast pool of openly shared educational resources
while harnessing today’s collaborative spirit to develop
educational approaches that are more responsive to
learner’s needs.
Open Education Allows
Higher Education
to reconsider approaches
to teaching and learning
OER are teaching, learning, and
research materials that permit
their free use and re-purposing by
others
Open Educational Resources (OER)
Free no cost
OpenNo cost +
permission to modify
By Adam Bartlett http://www.flickr.com/photos/atbartlett/2432704579/
By Sean MacEntee http://www.flickr.com/photos/smemon/4518528819/
InternetEnables
OERAllows
sharing and educating at unprecedented scale
Open Licensing & copyright
Conditions CC licenses
Attribution
ShareAlike
NonCommercial
NoDerivatives
most free
Most restrictive
Slides 50-53 by Creative Commons, CC-BY 3.0
What does OER look like?
http://ocw.metu.edu.tr/
http://phet.colorado.edu/
http://sccmath.wordpress.com/mat12x-fall-2014/
MOOCs
MOOCs offer fully online courses to anyone without cost to the learner.
These courses are generally large scale, up to thousands of students.
They offer interactivity through frequent, built in assessments and
sometimes peer discussion and guidance from teaching assistants.
Users tend to be already highly educated (surveys indicate +/- 70% already
have at least one post-secondary degree)
Data gathered from users allow interesting research into online learning
habits and preferences.
Content is almost always fully copyrighted.
Most MOOCs offer free access, but do not grant permission to modify,
translate, broadcast or re-distribute; they are free, but not open.
Example, Coursera terms of serviceYou may access the course for personal use only, you may not modify or reuse without permission. Anything you contribute to the course can be used, modified, distributed
by Coursera without notification or further permission from you.
This may be fine if what you want is to follow a free course. However, if you
want to make any modification, use it in a classroom, show content to a
group, etc. you need to get permission as you would with any fully
copyrighted work.
Some impacts of OER
Source: Boyoung Chae and Mark Jenkins, A Qualitative Investigation of Faculty OER
Usage in the Washington Community and Technical College System, State Board for
Community and Technical Colleges, January 2015 http://goo.gl/dERBtX
Goal: Save students $5 Million in 5 Years
https://www2.maricopa.edu/welcome-to-the-maricopa-millions-oer-project
Promoting OER with Students
Getting Started
Remote Marathon, Marines, CC-BY-NC 2.0
Berlin Marathon, akiwitz, CC-BY 2.0
Shared Values
Express the goals as shared values
• Increase international reputation
• Promote faculty collaboration
• Support faculty creativity and flexibility
• Increase student access
Identify Stakeholders
• Chairs and Deans
• Curriculum Committee
• Librarians
• Technologists
• Bookstore
• Students
Understand Stakeholders
How do faculty and students
• Create content?
• Find content?
• Share content?
• Interact with content?
• Interact with each other?
Create Community
• Start with Stakeholders and shared values
• Work with those who will be champions
• Find their motivations:
“My decision to redesign my course using OER was what I would call an educational
emergency. I was teaching a summer communication class and discovered that only
three students in the course had the textbook. In Tacoma, 70% of the people in the
area are living in extreme poverty. I had to find alternatives for my students to carry
this class”
“OER to me is freedom, freedom from this push towards the norm. I am not a big fan
of having things in locked steps. As the quarter goes on, I am feeling my class, how it
is going and I change on the fly. I always felt constrained by the textbook. I also felt
constrained by certain pedagogy based on the traditional view of what mathematics
classroom is. This freedom from OER gives me new energy, like what can't I do?”
Source: Boyoung Chae and Mark Jenkins, A Qualitative Investigation of Faculty OER Usage
in the Washington Community and Technical College System, January 2015
Save Technology Discussions for Laterfocus on people & goals
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dou_ble_you/3907358672/
Plan for Results
Define and plan to measure your results
• Lower cost for students?
• Greater academic freedom for faculty?
• Increased recognition of the institution?
• Improved learning?
• More collaboration between institutions?
Develop Processes
• Include open practices
in professional
development
• Promote open practices
in your department
• Get student input
• Higher administration
support
• Share results
Steep Steps, elycefeliz, CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0
Be the Change You Wish to See in the World
Do you:
• Share ideas with your colleagues?
• Openly license your teaching
materials?
• Publish your research in open
access journals?
• Reuse materials created by others?
• Encourage students to gain digital
literacy?Luis Fernando Reis, CC-BY
https://www.flickr.com/photos/7477245@N0
5/5112393040
CC-BY Relay Race by Akademgorodok
Slides 75-84 Adapted from James Glapa-Grossklag, College of the Canyons
Who We Are
The Open Education Consortium is a
worldwide community of hundreds of
higher education institutions and
associated organizations committed to
advancing open education and its impact
on global education.
What We Do
By Opensourceway http://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/4812651268
Thank you!
