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On the Implementation of Industrial AutomationSystems Based on PLC
AbstractIndustrial automation is largely based on PLC-based control
systems. PLCs are today mostly programmed in the languages of the IEC 61131 standard which are not ready to meet the new challenges of widely distributed automation systems. Currently, an extension of IEC 61131 which includes object oriented programming as well as the new standard IEC 61499 are available. Moreover, service-oriented paradigms where autonomous and interoperable resources provide their functionalities in the form of services that can be accessed externally by clients without knowing the underlining implementation have been presented in the literature. In the supervisory control theory, methodologies based on formal models have been developed to improve the coordination of concurrent and distributed systems. In this paper, an event-driven approach is proposed to improve the design of industrial control systems using commercial PLCs. At a lower level, basic sequences are coded in elementary software objects, called function blocks, providing their functionalities as services. At an upper level, a Petri Net (PN) controller forces the execution of such services according to desired sequences, while by a PN supervisor constraints on the sequences are satisfied.
Note to Practitioners—Industrial automation programming and design is still based on PLCs. Forty years after their introduction, they are still the most prevalent implementation platform for automation systems in many industries. After 1992, their success increased a lot with the introduction of IEC 61131 standard which reduces the number of languages available on PLC platform.However, with the tools available in IEC 61131 it is not easy to develop complex distributed control systems. This paper proposes the introduction of new software and methodological tools yet available from industry and research to build control applications. This allows the synthesis of the controller from a formal definition of the controlled system’s behavior and fromthe control specification but at same time as much as possible IEC 61131 compliant.
(a) FB model in OOP. (b) Proposed FB model.
