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The Ocean Acidification Summary for Policymakers was published in 2013. It summarises key findings from the Ocean in a High CO2 World Symposium, which is sponsored by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO and the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research. For more information http://ocean-acidification.net/ Summary for Policymakers http://www.igbp.net/publications/summariesforpolicymakers/summariesforpolicymakers/oceanacidificationsummaryforpolicymakers2013.5.30566fc6142425d6c9111f4.html
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Ocean
AcidificationSummary for
Policymakers 2013
International Geosphere-Biosphere
Programme
Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Commission of UNESCO
Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research
Wendy Broadgate, IGBP Deputy Director (2014)
• 26 % increase in acidity due to CO2
emissions
• Many organisms show adverse effects
(corals, molluscs)
• Some thrive (e.g. seagrasses)
• Ecosystems will change in the future
• There will be socio-economic impacts
and need for adaptation
• Reducing CO2 emissions will reduce
impacts
pH 1850
pH 2100
Aragonite saturation 1850
Aragonite saturation 2100
Commercially important organisms
After Peters et al., 2013
Observed CO2 emissions and
emissions scenarios to 2100
Confidence levels (IPCC)
iStockhphoto.com/ermingut
Atmospheric CO2 and ocean pH
After Bopp et al., 2013
3.2°–5.4°C
Global
temperature
increase likely
by 2100:
0.9°–2.3°C
Ocean surface pH projections to 2100
Turley et al., 2006
Rapid ocean acidification
Jason Hall-Spencer
Winners and losers
Hot, sour and breathless
Molluscs
iStockphoto.com/Eduardo Luzzatti
Coral Reefs
iStockphoto.com/t.light
Changes in marine ecosystems
iStockphoto.com/Richard Carey
Calcifying organisms
Ulf Riebesell; GEOMAR
Marine snails
Steve Ringman
Fish behaviour
Nitrogen fixation stimulated
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/USGS)
Economic losses
iStockphoto.com/Thomas Bradford
Economic losses
Fisheries
Biogeochemical cycles
www.ocean-acidification.net
IGBP, IOC, SCOR (2013). Ocean Acidification Summary for Policymakers – Third Symposium on the
Ocean in a High-CO2 World. International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, Stockholm, Sweden.
Authors
Wendy Broadgate, IGBP
Ulf Riebesell, Germany
Claire Armstrong, Norway
Peter Brewer, USA
Ken Denman, Canada
Richard Feely, USA
Kunshan Gao, China
Jean-Pierre Gattuso, France
Kirsten Isensee, IOC-UNESCO
Joan Kleypas, USA
Dan Laffoley, UK
James Orr, France
Hans-Otto Pörtner, Germany
Carlos Eduardo de Rezende, Brazil
Daniela Schmidt, UK
Ed Urban, SCOR
Anya Waite, Australia
Luis Valdés, IOC-UNESCO
Wendy Broadgate, IGBP Deputy Director (2014)
www.ocean-acidification.net
