1. Home Contents Index NP 47RECORD OF AMENDMENTS The table below is to record Section IV Notice to Mariners amendments affecting this volume.Sub paragraph numbers in the margin of the body of the book are to assist the user with corrections to thisvolume from these amendments.Weekly Notices to Mariners (Section IV) 2005200620072008IMPORTANT SEE RELATED ADMIRALTY PUBLICATIONS This is one of a series of publications produced by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office which should be consulted by users of Admiralty Charts. The full list of such publications is as follows: Notices to Mariners (Annual, permanent, temporary and preliminary), Chart 5011 (Symbols and abbreviations), The Mariners Handbook (especially Chapters 1 and 2 for important information on the use of UKHO products, their accuracy and limitations), Sailing Directions (Pilots), List of Lights and Fog Signals, List of Radio Signals, Tide Tables and their digital equivalents.All charts and publications should be kept up to date with the latest amendments.

2. Home Contents IndexNP 47MEDITERRANEAN PILOTVOLUME IIIThe Ionian Sea bordering the western coast of Greece,including Patraks Klpos and KorinthiaksKlpos, and the Adriatic SeaTWELFTH EDITION 2005 PUBLISHED BY THE UNITED KINGDOM HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE 3. Home Contents IndexE Crown Copyright 2005To be obtained from Agents for the sale of Admiralty Charts and PublicationsCopyright for some of the material in this publication is owned by the authority named underthe item and permission for its reproduction must beobtained from the owner.Adriatic Pilot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1861First Edition Mediiterranean Pilot . . .1880Second Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1890Third edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1899Fourth edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1908Fifth edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1919Sixth edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1929Seventh edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1946Eighth edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1957Ninth edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1970Tenth Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1988Eleventh Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2002 ii 4. HomeContentsIndexPREFACE The Twelfth Edition of the Mediterranean Pilot Volume III has been prepared by Captain D.J.Conway Master Mariner. The UnitedKingdom Hydrographic Office has used all reasonable endeavours to ensure that this Pilot contains all the appropriate information obtainedby and assessed by it at the date shown below. Information received or assessed after that date will be included in Admiralty Notices toMariners where appropriate. If in doubt, see The Mariners Handbook for details of what Admiralty Notices to Mariners are and how to usethem. This edition supersedes the Eleventh Edition (2002), which is cancelled. Information on currents has been based on data supplied by the Met Office, Exeter. The following sources of information, other than UKHO Publications and Ministry of Defence papers, have been consulted:Greek Charts Greek Sailing Directions Volume A 1996 with supplement 4/2004 and corrections to 2005Croatian Charts Peljar 1 Jadransko More Isto na Obala, 1999 with corrections to 2005 Peljar Za Male Brodove Prvi Dio, 2002 with corrections to 2005 Peljar Za Male Brodove Drugi Dio, 2003 with corrections to 2005 Adriatic Sea Pilot Volumes I and II (1st Edition) 2004, Hydrographic Institute of the Republic of CroatiaSlovenian ChartsItalianChartsPortolano del Mediterraneo, Volume 6 1994 with corrections to 2005Portolano del Mediterraneo, Volume 1C 1991 with supplement 1998 and corrections to 2005Other publications Adriatic Pilot (4th Edition) 2004, T and D Thompson (Imray, Laurie, Norie and Wilson Limited) Greek Waters Pilot (9th Edition) 2004, Rod Heikell (Imray. Laurie, Norie and Wilson Limited) Port Handbooks produced by Port Authorities Fairplay Ports Guide 20042005 Ports of the World 2005 Lloyds Maritime Guide 20042005 Lloyds Portcalls 2004 Whitakers Almanack 2005 The Statesmans Yearbook 2005 Dr D.W.Williams United Kingdom National HydrographerThe United Kingdom Hydrographic OfficeAdmiralty WayTauntonSomerset TA1 2DNEngland11th August 2005 iii 5. Home Contents IndexPREFACE The Eleventh Edition of the Mediterranean Pilot Volume III has been compiled by Mr D G Vaughan and contains the latestinformation received in the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office to the date given below.This edition supersedes the Tenth Edition (1988), which is cancelled.Information on climate, currents and ice has been based on data provided by the Meteorological Office, Bracknell.The following sources of information, other than UKHO Publications and Ministry of Defence papers, have been consulted:GreeceChartsGreek Sailing Directions Volume A 1996 with supplement 2/00Federal Republic of YugoslaviaChartsSailing Directions for Small craft Volume 1 1989CroatiaChartsPeljar I. Jadransko More Istona Obala, 1999SloveniaChartItalyChartsPortolano del Mediterraneo, GeneralitParte II 1979Portolano del Mediterraneo, Volume 6 1994Portolano del Mediterraneo, Volume 1c 1991 with supplement 1998Other publicationsAdriatic Pilot (3rd Edition) 2000, T and D Thompson (Imray, Laurie, Norie and Wilson Limited)Greek Waters Pilot (8th Edition) 2001, Rod Heikell (Imray, Laurie, Norie and Wilson Limited)Ionian Waters Pilot (4th Edition) 1999, Rod Heikell (Imray, Laurie, Norie and Wilson Limited)Italian Waters Pilot (5th Edition) 1998, Rod Heikell (Imray, Laurie, Norie and Wilson Limited)Fairplay Ports Guide 20012002Lloyds Ports of the World 2002Lloyds Maritime Guide 20012002Whitakers Almanac 2002The Statesmans Yearbook 2002Times World Atlas 1994Dr D W WilliamsUnited Kingdom National HydrographerThe United Kingdom Hydrographic OfficeAdmiralty WayTauntonSomerset TA1 2DNEngland29th August 2002iv 6. Home ContentsIndex CONTENTSPagesPreface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiiPreface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ivContents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vExplanatory notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viiAbbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ixGlossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiIndex chartlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xixxxCHAPTER 1Navigation and regulations Limits of the book (1.1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Navigational dangers and hazards (1.2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Traffic and operations (1.7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Charts (1.19) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Aids to navigation (1.26) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Pilotage (1.28) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Radio facilities (1.30) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Regulations (1.40) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Signals (1.65) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Distress and rescue (1.68) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Countries and ports Greece (1.73) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Albania (1.88) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Serbia and Montenegro (1.96) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Croatia (1.105) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Bosnia and Herzegovina (1.114) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Slovenia (1.122) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Italy (1.131) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Principal ports, harbours and anchorages (1.141) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Port services summary (1.142) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Natural conditions Maritime topography (1.145) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Currents, tidal streams and flow (1.149) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Sea level and tides (1.156) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Sea and swell (1.159) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Sea water characteristics (1.162) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Climate and weather (1.167) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Climatic tables (1.196) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Meteorological conversion table and scales (1.219) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63CHAPTER 2Through Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65CHAPTER 3Eastern side of Ionian Sea from kra Tanaro to kra M tikas excluding Patraks Klpos and Korinthiaks Klpos . . . . . . . 73CHAPTER 4Proklpos Ptron, Patraks Klpos and Korinthiaks Klpos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121CHAPTER 5Eastern side of the Ionian and Adriatic Seas from kra M tikas to Lumi i Vjoss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147CHAPTER 6Eastern side of the Adriatic Sea from Lumi i Vjoss to Rt Otra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175v 7. Home Contents Index CONTENTS CHAPTER 7Eastern side of the Adriatic Sea from Rt Otra to Rt Ploa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 CHAPTER 8Eastern side of the Adriatic Sea from Rt Ploa to Otoi Grujica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 CHAPTER 9Kvarnerski Zaljev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355CHAPTER 10Eastern and nortern sides of the Adriatic Sea from Rt Kamenjak to Grado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437CHAPTER 11Southern part of the east coast of Italy from Capo Santa Maria di Leuca to Pescara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477CHAPTER 12Northern part of the east coast of Italy from Pescara to Grado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 INDEXIndex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565vi 8. Home Contents IndexEXPLANATORY NOTES Admiralty Sailing Directions are intended for use by vessels of 150 grt or more. They amplify charted detail and contain informationneeded for safe navigation which is not available from Admiralty charts, or other hydrographic publications. They are intended to be read inconjunction with the charts quoted in the text. This volume of the Sailing Directions will be kept up-to-date by the issue of a new edition at intervals of approximately 3 years, withoutthe use of supplements. In addition important amendments which cannot await the new edition are published in Section IV of the weeklyeditions of Admiralty Notices to Mariners. A list of such amendments and notices in force is published quarterly. Those still in force at the endof the year are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners. This volume should not be used without reference to Section IV of the weekly editions of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.CDROM Status. A compact disc is provided at the back of this volume. The paper publication of Sailing Directions satisfies the requirements ofChapter V of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. The CD version does not satisfy these requirements and should onlybe used in conjunction with the paper publication and any amendments affecting the paper publication. Where any discrepancy existsbetween data on the CD and in the paper publication of Sailing Directions, the paper publication (inclusive of amendments) is to be reliedupon. Disclaimer. Whilst the UKHO has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the data on the CD was accurate at the time of production, ithas not verified the data for navigational purposes and the CD is not suitable, and is not to be relied upon, for navigation. The use of the CD forthis purpose is at the users own risk. The UKHO accepts no liability (except in the case of death or personal injury caused by the negligenceof the UKHO) whether in contract, tort, under any statute or otherwise and whether or not arising out of any negligence on the part of theUKHO in respect of any inadequacy of any kind whatsoever in the data on the CD or in the means of distribution. Conditions of release. The material supplied on the CDROM is protected by Crown Copyright. No part of the data may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwisewithout the prior written permission of the UKHO. The copyright material, its derivatives and its outputs may not be sold or distributed orcommercially exploited in either an original or derived form without the prior written permission of the UKHO. For the avoidance of doubt,the supplied material, its derivatives and its outputs shall not be placed, or allowed to be placed, on a computer accessible to Third Partieswhether via the Internet or otherwise. The release of the supplied material in no way implies that the UKHO will supply further material.References to hydrographic and other publications The Mariners Handbook gives general information affecting navigation and is complementary to this volume. Ocean Passages for the World and Routeing Charts contain ocean routeing information and should be consulted for other than coastalpassages. Admiralty List of Lights should be consulted for details of lights, lanbys and fog signals, as these are not fully described in this volume. Admiralty List of Radio Signals should be consulted for information relating to coast and port radio stations, radio details of pilotageservices, radar beacons and radio direction finding stations, meteorological services, radio aids to navigation, Global Maritime Distress andSafety System (GMDSS) and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) stations, as these are only briefly referred to in this volume. Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners contains in addition to the temporary and preliminary notices, and amendments andnotices affecting Sailing Directions, a number of notices giving information of a permanent nature covering radio messages and navigationalwarnings, distress and rescue at sea and exercise areas.The International Code of Signals should be consulted for details of distress and life-saving signals, international ice-breaker signals aswell as international flag signals.Remarks on subject matter Buoys are generally described in detail only when they have special navigational significance, or where the scale of the chart is too smallto show all the details clearly. Chart index diagrams in this volume show only those Admiralty charts of a suitable scale to give good coverage of the area. Marinersshould consult NP 131 Catalogue of Admiralty Charts and Publications for details of larger scale charts.Chart references in the text normally refer to the largest scale Admiralty chart but occasionally a smaller scale chart may be quoted whereits use is more appropriate. Firing, practice and exercise areas. Submarine exercise areas are mentioned in Sailing Directions. Other firing, practice and exerciseareas maybe mentioned with limited details. Signals and buoys used in connection with these areas maybe mentioned if significant fornavigation. Attention is invited to the Annual Notice to Mariners on this subject. vii 9. Home Contents Index EXPLANATORY NOTES Names have been taken from the most authoritative source. When an obsolete name still appears on the chart, it is given in bracketsfollowing the proper name at the principal description of the feature in the text and where the name is first mentioned. Tidal information relating the daily vertical movements of the water is not given; for this Admiralty Tide Tables should be consulted.Changes in water level of an abnormal nature are mentioned. Time difference used in the text when applied to the time of High Water found from the Admiralty Tide Tables, gives the time of the eventbeing described in the Standard Time kept in the area of that event. Due allowance must be made for any seasonal daylight saving time whichmay be kept. Wreck information is included where drying or below-water wrecks are relatively permanent features having significance fornavigation or anchoring.Units and terminology used in this volume Latitude and Longitude given in brackets are approximate and are taken from the chart quoted. Bearings and directions are referred to the true compass and when given in degrees are reckoned clockwise from 000 (North) to 359 Bearings used for positioning are given from the reference object. Bearings of objects, alignments and light sectors are given as seen from the vessel. Courses always refer to the course to be made good over the ground. Winds are described by the direction from which they blow. Tidal streams and currents are described by the direction towards which they flow. Distances are expressed in sea miles of 60 to a degree of latitude and sub-divided into cables of one tenth of a sea mile. Depths are given below chart datum, except where otherwise stated. Heights of objects refer to the height of the structure above the ground and are invariably expressed as ... m in height. Elevations, as distinct from heights, are given above Mean High Water Springs or Mean Higher High Water whichever is quoted inAdmiralty Tide Tables, and expressed as, an elevation of ... m. However the elevation of natural features such as hills may alternatively beexpressed as ... m high since in this case there can be no confusion between elevation and height.Metric units are used for all measurements of depths, heights and short distances, but where feet/fathoms charts are referred to, theselatter units are given in brackets after the metric values for depths and heights shown on the chart. Time is expressed in the four-figure notation beginning at midnight and is given in local time unless otherwise stated. Details of local timekept will be found in Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 2. Bands is the word used to indicate horizontal marking. Stripes is the word used to indicate markings which are vertical, unless stated to be diagonal. Conspicuous objects are natural and artificial marks which are outstanding, easily identifiable and clearly visible to the mariner over alarge area of sea in varying conditions of light. If the scale is large enough they will normally be shown on the chart in bold capitals and may bemarked conspic. Prominent objects are those which are easily identifiable, but do not justify being classified as conspicuous. viii 10. Home Contents Index ABBREVIATIONSThe following abbreviations are used in the text:AIS Automatic Indentification System kn knot(s)ALC Articulated loading column kW kilowatt(s)ALP Articulated loading platformAMVER Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel RescueLanbyLarge automatic navigation buoySystem LASH Lighter Aboard Ship LATLowest Astronomical TideCdegrees CelsiusLF low frequencyCALMCatenary anchor leg mooringLHGLiquefied Hazardous GasCBM Conventional buoy mooringLMTLocal Mean TimeCDC Certain Dangerous CargoLNGLiquefied Natural GasCVTSCooperative Vessel Traffic System LOALength overall LPGLiquefied Petroleum GasDFdirection findingLW Low WaterDGdegaussingDGPSDifferential Global Positioning System mmetre(s)DWDeep Water mb millibar(s)DSC Digital Selective CallingMCTS Marine Communications and Traffic Servicesdwt deadweight tonnageCentresDZdanger zoneMF medium frequency MHzmegahertzE east (easterly, eastward, eastern, easternmost)MHHW Mean Higher High WaterEEZ exclusive economic zoneMHLW Mean Higher Low WaterELSBM Exposed location single buoy mooring MHWMean High WaterENE east-north-eastMHWN Mean High Water NeapsEPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon MHWS Mean High Water SpringsESE east-south-eastMLHW Mean Lower High WaterETA estimated time of arrivalMLLW Mean Lower Low WaterETD estimated time of departureMLWMean Low WaterEUEuropean Union MLWN Mean Low Water Neaps MLWS Mean Low Water Springsfeu forty foot equivalent unit mm millimetre(s)fmfathom(s)MMSI Maritime Mobile Service IdentityFPSOFloating production storage and offloading MRCC Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre vesselMRSC Maritime Rescue Sub-CentreFPU Floating production unit MSIMarine Safety InformationFSO Floating storage and offloading vessel MSLMean Sea Levelftfoot (feet)MV Motor Vessel MW megawatt(s)g/cm3 gram per cubic centimetreMY Motor YachtGMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety SystemGPS Global Positioning SystemNnorth (northerly, northward, northern,GRP glass reinforced plasticnorthernmost)grt gross register tonnage NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organizationgtgross tonnageNavtex Navigational Telex System NE north-eastHAT Highest Astronomical TideNNEnorth-north-eastHFhigh frequency NNWnorth-north-westHMS Her (His) Majestys Ship No numberhphorse powernrtnett register tonnagehPa hectopascalNW north-westHSC High Speed CraftHWHigh Water ODAS Ocean Data Acquisition SystemIALAInternational Association of LighthousePELPort Entry LightAuthoritiesPLEM Pipe line end manifoldIHO International Hydrographic OrganizationPOLPetrol, Oil & LubricantsIMO International Maritime OrganizationPSSA Particularly Sensitive Sea AreasITCZIntertropical Convergence Zone RCCRescue Coordination CentreJRCCJoint Rescue Coordination CentreRMSRoyal Mail Ship RN Royal NavykHz kilohertzRo-RoRollon, Roll-offkmkilometre(s) RT radio telephonyix 11. Home Contents Index ABBREVIATIONSS south (southerly, southward, southern, ULCCUltra Large Crude Carriersouthernmost)UNUnited NationsSALMSingle anchor leg mooring system UTUniversal TimeSALSSingle anchored leg storage system UTC Co-ordinated Universal TimeSAR Search and RescueSatnavSatellite navigation VDR Voyage Data RecorderSBM Single buoy mooringVHF very high frequencySEsouth-east VLCCVery Large Crude CarrierSPM Single point mooring VMRSVessel Movement Reporting Systemsqsquare VTC Vessel Traffic CentreSSSteamshipVTMSVessel Traffic Management SystemSSE south-south-east VTS Vessel Traffic ServicesSSW south-south-westSWsouth-west W west (westerly, westward, western, westernmost)teu twenty foot equivalent unitWGS World Geodetic SystemTSS Traffic Separation SchemeWMO World Meteorological Organization WNW west-north-westUHF ultra high frequency WSW west-south-westUKHOUnited Kingdom Hydrographic Office WTradio (wireless) telegraphyx 12. Home ContentsIndexGLOSSARIES GREECE Greek words found on charts and in sailing directionsGreek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EnglishGreek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Englishkra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cape, point limenskos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cove, small harbourakrpolis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .citadel lmni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lake, marshakrotrion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . promontory, capelimnothlassa . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lagoonakt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shore, coastlinelofskos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hillockalik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .saltpanslfos, i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .hill, salyk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .saltpansmakrs, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . long, tallmmos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .sandmvros, i, on . . . . . . . . . . . . .blackanatol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .eastmeglos, i, on . . . . . . . . . . . . biganatoliks, , n . . . . . . . . . .eastern msis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .northwestand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . oppositemsos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .middleangli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . small inlet, baymikrs, , n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . smallangirovlio (angirovlion) . . . . anchorage mlos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mole, breakwaterno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .upper monastrion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .small monastery, churchapilitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .eastmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . monasteryapovthra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .landing place, wharfnisda (nisdha, niss) . . . . . . . .isletspros, i, on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . white nisdes, nisdhes . . . . . . . . . . . .isletsavath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shoal nis, nsos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .islandyios, aya, yion, yioi, ayou . Saint (m, f, n) Saints, holynisi, nsoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . islandschersnisos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .peninsula ntos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .southdavlos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .sound, channelormskos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cove, small bay, inlet, creekdhikplous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . passage rmos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .baydhavlos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . channel, strait ros, oi (ri) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mountain, sdhiriga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . canal, channelpalaos, , n . . . . . . . . . . . . olddhirix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .canal pno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . upperdhitiks, i, n . . . . . . . . . . . . . western perma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ferry, passagediryga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .canal, channelptra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rock, stoneekklisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . churchpirss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . beaconekvol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . river mouth plis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .city, townlos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . marsh, swamppros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ford, passage, soundepnio (epnion) . . . . . . . . . . . . small portporthms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . narrows of a straitergostsio (ergostsion) . . . . . . factory potams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rivererthros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . red ponda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pointso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .inner, inside prsinos, i, on . . . . . . . . . . . .greenvripos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .tidal channel prokimia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .molevros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .southeastprovltas (provls) . . . . . . . . . . .pier, wharfexdra, exdhra . . . . . . . . . . . .jetty p rgos (prgos) . . . . . . . . . . . . . towerxo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .outer, outsiderkhi, -as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ridgeexoklsion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . chapelrma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . streamfans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .light rvma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .current, streamfros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lighthouserax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brook, streamfrorio, frorion . . . . . . . . . . . .fort, strongholdsimandr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . buoyglssa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tongueskla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .small port, berth, landinggremns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cliff, precipiceskron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . northwestfalos, i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .below water reef, sskpelos, oi . . . . . . . . . . . . . .reef, s, rock, s (which coverformos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .roadsteadand uncover)ikhthiotropo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .fishery, fishing stakes splaio (splaion, spili) . . . . . . caveipsils, , n . . . . . . . . . . . . . highstavrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .crosspsome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . height (elevated ground)sten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .straitssplous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .entrance (for vessels)sten, stenn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .straitisthms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .isthmus tlma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .swampkstro, kstron . . . . . . . . . . . . .castle, fortresstelonon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . custom housekatafans, -s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . conspicuous thlassa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . seakto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lower tomba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . moundkvos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cape, headland, promontorytrkhalos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cairnkefal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . headvltos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . marshkhnia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . village vasiliks, , n . . . . . . . . . . . royalkhersnisos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .peninsula vaths, a, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .deepkhoro (khoron) . . . . . . . . . . . . village vthos, oi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .depth, skimatothrvstis . . . . . . . . . . . . .breakwatervorrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hillklmax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . scale (of chart)voun, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .hill, s, mountain, sklisora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pass, defilevrchoi, vrkhoi . . . . . . . . . . . . rocks (above and below water)koils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . valleyvrachonisda, vrakhonisdhaklpos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gulf(vrakhoniss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rocky isletkorif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . peak, summitvrachnisis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rocky islandkrmnos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cliff, precipicevrchos, vrkhos . . . . . . . . . . . rocklangdha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pass, deep valley xra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . reeflevks, , n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . white falos, i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .reef, s, shoal, slimnas (limn) . . . . . . . . . . . . .harbour, port zfiros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .westxi 13. HomeContents IndexGLOSSARY ROMANIZATION SYSTEM FOR GREEK ELOT 743 System BGN/PCGN 1996 SystemThis romanization system supersedes the one which was approved by the BGN and the PCGN in 1962. It corresponds to thesystem devised by the Greek Organization for Standardization and approved for international use at the Fifth United NationsConference on the Standardization of Geographical Names in 1987.Greek Romanization Examplesxii 14. Home ContentsIndex GLOSSARY Greek Romanization Examples xiii 15. Home ContentsIndex GLOSSARY GreekRomanization Examples xiv 16. HomeContentsIndexGLOSSARYALBANIA Albanian words found in charts and in sailing directionsNote: The Albanian nouns are given in four forms:1. The primary form of the indefinite singular, corresponding, for example, to channel or a channel.2. The definite singular, corresponding, for example, to the channel.3. The indefinite plural, corresponding, for example to channels.4. The definite plural, corresponding, for example, to the channels.Obsolete spellings, which may be found on old charts, are given in brackets where appropriate.The words are arranged in alphabetical order according to the English alphabet. AlbanianEnglish12 34Bir (Bir) Bira (Biri) BiraBirat channelBishtBishtiBishtaBishtat pointCektin CektinaCektinaCektinat shallows(Cektin)(Cektina) (Cektina) (Cektinat)uk ukaukaukat peak, summitFarFariFareFaret lighthouseFenerFeneriFenerFenert lighthouseGjiGjiri (Gjiu)Gjinj Gjinjt bayGrykGryka Gryk Gryktgorge, mouth, estuaryGurGuriGurGurt rock xv 17. Home Contents Index GLOSSARY Albanian English1 234Hund HundaHundHundtcape, promontoryIshullIshulliIshujIshujtisle, islandIstm IstmiIstmeIstmetisthmusKep Kepi Kepa Kepat cape, promontory, peak, summitKodr KodraKodraKodrathillLagunLaguna Laguna Lagunat lagoonLiman Limani Limane Limanet harbour, port, roadsteadLiqen Liqeni Liqene Liqenet lakeLum (Lum)Lumi Lumenj LumenjtriverMajMaja Maja Majat peak, summitMal Mali Male Malet mountainMol Moli Mole Molet moleNgushtic NgushticaNgushticaNgushticatstrait, channelPellg Pellgu PellgjePellgjetbasin, bight, deepPrrauPrroi PrrenjPrrengt streamPortPortiPortePortetport, harbourRanishtRanishta Ranishta Ranishtat sandbankRrug RrugaRrugRrugtroad, street, routeShn SaintShkmbShkmbiShkmbinjShkmbinjt 1. rock, 2. cliff, crag(Shkamb)(Shkambi)(Shkambinj)(Shkambinjt)Skel SkelaSkelaSkelatharbour, dock, wharf, moleSqepSqepiSqepaSqepatcapeSukSuka Suka Sukat hillock Notes on the pronunciation of the thirty six letters and digraphs in the Albanian alphabetAlbanian Approximate pronunciationAlbanian Approximate pronunciationaAs a in father nAs n in netbAs b in bunnj As ni in onioncAs ts in catsoAs au in daughter As ch in chinpAs p in pendAs d in denqAs t y in hit youeAs a in late rAs r in runAs a in about (but barely pronounced atrr As rr in terrify end of word) sAs s in sitfAs f in fansh As sh in shallgAs g in goat tAs t in tingj As g in gentle th As th in thinhAs h in henuAs oo in loomiAs ee in meetvAs v in vanjAs y in yetxAs dz in adzekAs k in kitten xh As dg in judgelAs l in letyAs u in French dull As ll in fully zAs z in zoomAs m in manzh As s in pleasurexvi 18. Home Contents Index GLOSSARYSERBIA and MONTENEGRO, CROATIA, BOSNIA and HERZEGOVINA, SLOVENIA Words found on charts and in sailing directionsForeign word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English Foreign word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Englishbanak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bank, shoalmost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bridgebazen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . basinnaselje . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .settlement, local communitybijel, a, o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . whitenov, i, a, o . . . . . . . . . . . . . .newblato . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mudobala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .quay, bank (of lake or river), coast,boka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mouth, gulf beachbrdo, a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mountain, s otoi, otoii . . . . . . . . . . . . . .islet, sbreuljak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hill otoje . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . archipelagobujica, e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .torrent, sotok, otoci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .island, scrkva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . church pijesak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .sandcrn, a, o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . blackplanina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .high land, mountainscrven, a, o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . redpliina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .shoalcjevovod, i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pipeline, s plitvac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rock, reefdolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .valley, dale poluotok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . peninsuladonji, a, e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lowerpoluotoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . small peninsuladraga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . valley, bay, covepotok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .streamdraica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cove pristan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .landing placedrvo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .wood (timber)pristanite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .landing place, harbour, portdvorac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .castle, villaprolaz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . passagegaj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . grove, copse put . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .road, path, roadsteadgat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dam, dyke, mole, pier, weirrat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .capegaz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ford rijeka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . riverglavica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . knoll, summit, ridge rjeica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .small river, streamglib . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mudrt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cape, point, headlandgornji, a, e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .upperrti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . small cape, small point, smallGospa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Our Ladyheadlandgrad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .city, town samostan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . monastery, conventgreben, i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .submerged rock, s, reef, s, ridge, sselo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . villageguri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .stone, rocksidrite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . anchorage, roadsteadhrid, i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rock, s, (above water)sjever, ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .north, northern, northerlyhum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hillock, mound kolj, kolji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . islet, reefistoni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eastern, easterlyslapovi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .fallsistok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . east srednji, a, e . . . . . . . . . . . . . .middle, centralizvor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spring, well star, i, a, o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . oldjezero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lake uma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wood, forestjug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . southsveti, a, o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .holy, saintjuni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . southern, southerlysvetionik, svjetionik . . . . . . . . .lighthousekabel, i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cable, stjesnac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .strait, channelkal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mudse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . river mouth, estuarykamen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stoneutvrda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fort, castlekanal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . channel, canal uvala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bay, inletkapela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .chapel uvalica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .small bay, small inlet, covekopno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . land veli, a, o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . large, greatkua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .housevelik, i, a, o . . . . . . . . . . . . .large, greatkula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .towervrata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .passage, gatelaguna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lagoon vrh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .peak, topluica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .small harbourzaliv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .gulf, bayluka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .harbour, port, haven zaljev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gulf, baylukobran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .breakwater zapad, ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . west, western, westerlymali, a, o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .smallzaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .baymanastir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .monasterydrilo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pass, defilemjesto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .town, villagezelen, i, a, o . . . . . . . . . . . .greenmore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .seaut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .yellowNotes on the pronunciation of letters and digraphs in useLocalEnglishLocal EnglishA, a Like a in father L, lLike l in likeB, b Like b in boardLj, ljLike lli in millionC, c Like ts in tsarM, mLike m in moleC,Like ch in churchN, nLike n in neverD, Like tch in catchNj, njLike ny in canyonD, d Like d in down O, oLike o in operationD, d Like j in jugP, pLike p in pilot,Like g in page R, rLike rr in hurryE, e Like e in bedS, sLike s in yesF, f Like f in four , Like sh in shallG, g Like g in getT, tLike second t in totalH, h Like h in high U, uLike oo in goodI, i Like i in hisV, vLike v in visibleJ, j Like y in yesZ, zLike z in hazyK, k Like c in coffee , Like s in pleasurexvii 19. Home Contents Index GLOSSARY ITALYItalian words found on charts and in sailing directionsItalian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English Italian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Englishalto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . high manica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .channelancoraggio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . anchoragemarina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .beach, port of an inland villageavamporto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . outer harbour masseria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .tenancy including a number of farmsmontagna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mountainbacino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .basin, dock monte, i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mountain, s, hill, sbaia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .baybanchina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .quay, wharf, embankment naviglio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .navigable canal, ship canalbanco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sandbanknero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .blackbianc, o, a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . white nord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .northbianch, i, e . . . . . . . . . . . . . .white nuovo, a (novo, a) . . . . . . . .newbocca, bocche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mouth, s, estuary, iesborgo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . suburbovest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . westbraccio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . armbusa, or buso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . inletpaese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country, villagepassagio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .passage, crossingcala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .inlet, creek, covepenisola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .peninsulacanale, i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .canal, s, channel, spiazza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .public squarecantiere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .shipyardpiccolo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . little, smallcapo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cape, headlandpietra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rock, stonecasa, e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .house, spoggio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .height, hillcasino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .small houseponente . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . west, west windcastel, castello . . . . . . . . . . . . .castle, keepponte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bridgechiesa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .churchpontile, i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jetty, iescima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .summitporticciolo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . small harbourcitt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . city, townporto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . port, harbour, gate, entrancecolle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rising ground, hillpromontorio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . promontorycolonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . settlement, holiday camppunta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . point, headlandcosta, e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sea coast, scroce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . crossrada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .roadsteaddarsena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dockyard, wet dockrio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . streamdiga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dyke, breakwater, seawallriva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bank, shoredue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . two rocca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rock, crag, tower, keeprocche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rocksfaro, i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lighthouse, srosso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . redfiume, i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . river, s rupe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .clifffoce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mouth of a riverfonda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . depth, anchoragesacca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . enclosed bayforaneo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . outer san, santo, santa, sant . . . . . . .saint, holyfossa, o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pit, ditch, water coursesasso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stone, cragfumaiolo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .chimney scogliera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . breakwater, above and belowwaterrock, reefgiallo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yellow scoglio, i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . reef, s, rock, sgolfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gulfsecca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sandbank, shoalgrotta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cave secche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .shoalsseno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .small bay, coveinsenatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . inlet, creek sud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . southisola, e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . island, sisolotto, i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . islet, stesta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . head, blufftorre, i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tower, slargo, laghi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lake, storrente . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mountain streamlaguna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lagoontramontana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .north, north windlargo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wide, broad, open arealevante . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eastval, valle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . valleylitorale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .coast, shorevallone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . large valleylido . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .shore vecchio, ia, i, ie . . . . . . . . . old xviii 20. Home ContentsIndex Chapter Index Diagram 17 181920 21 2223241961574 C R O A T I A43 43 1580 Dubrovnik 71582Bar 18642 42 A D R I A T IC S E A6 2Durrs4111 41 ALBANIA Brindisi I TA LY Vlor2 54011 40 G R E E C E5 eza I O N I A N SE A v 206Pr39 39NP 45 MEDITERRANEAN 23 1600 PILOT VOL I4Ptrai38187 188381676Krinthos203371092 Kalamta3732 1893 NP 48NP 49 MEDITERRANEAN PILOT36MEDITERRANEAN PILOT VOL IV 36VOL V 17 1819 Longitude 20 East from Greenwich2223240805 Mediterranean Pilot Vol IIINP 47 (a)xix 21. HomeContentsIndex Chapter Index Diagram 121314 15 1617 1819 46 46S L O V E N I A 1471 204Trieste VeneziaRijekaChioggia 1210 45 45 9 27192019 202Ravenna 2Zadar 44244515 14678 C R O A T I A14442774SibenikAncona12 2711Split7 43 A Ploce43 220 DR2 2712I DubrovnikA1574 7Pescara T1580 I1443 11 C S 4218642 E1582 6200 196A 1443 I T A L Y2 Bari414111 Brindisi40 NP 4640 MEDITERRANEAN PILOTVOL II I O N I A N S E A 39 39NP 45 MEDITERRANEAN PILOTVOL I 38 18718838 121314 Longitude 15 East from Greenwich17 18190805 Mediterranean Pilot Vol III NP 47 (b) xx 22. HomeContentsIndex LAWS AND REGULATIONS APPERTAINING TO NAVIGATION While, in the interests of the safety of shipping, the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office makes every endeavour to include in itshydrographic publications details of the laws and regulations of all countries appertaining to navigation, it must be clearly understood: (a) that no liability whatever will be accepted for failure to publish details of any particular law or regulation, and (b) that publication of details of a law or regulation is solely for the safety and convenience of shipping and implies no recognition of the international validity of the law or regulation. MEDITERRANEAN PILOTVOLUME IIICHAPTER 1 NAVIGATION AND REGULATIONS COUNTRY AND PORTS NATURAL CONDITIONS NAVIGATION AND REGULATIONS LIMITS OF THE BOOKsmall vessels at 1.3, and routes and navigational advice for small vessels commencing at 2.5.Charts 1439, 14402 Navigating amongst the many islands bordering theArea covered Croatian coast requires care, and can be dangerous in a1.1Bora (1.179).1This volume contains Sailing Directions for all thewaters of the Adriatic Sea, and the Ionian Sea bounded onNatural conditionsthe W and S by a line from:1.3Lat NLong E1Local knowledge and experience are of great value when navigating in the Adriatic. In winter the chief difficulties Capo Santa Maria di Leuca3948 1822arise from the frequency of thick fogs and strong winds, S to position3745 1822from the narrowness of the sea, and on the W side, from the lack of shelter in bad weather. Some parts of the E side Thence ESE to position 3610 2215 are exposed to the Bora (1.179), but other parts provide Thence NE to kra Tanaro3623 2229shelter and for this reason, in spite of the disadvantage of Thence N and NE through adverse currents, the E side is generally preferred. Pelopnnisos to the SE end of 375523002In a small vessel the greatest care is necessary to avoid Diryga Kornthou being caught in a Bora, shelter being sought at the earliest indication of its onset.The mariner should also guard against the SciroccoNAVIGATIONAL DANGERS AND HAZARDS (1.180) which is dangerous in some parts of the Adriatic. However there is generally ample warning of this wind,General navigation which invariably increases in strength gradually, normally1.2giving sufficient time to find suitable shelter.1The navigation of the open waters covered by thisvolume is straightforward, but the proximity of high Former mined areasmountainous land to nearly all parts can make the winds1.4unpredictable. Even in fine weather this frequently causes 1Dangers from mines exist:strong local squalls which can be dangerous due to theIn a large area bordering the Albanian coast. Forrapidity of their onset. See also natural conditions affecting details see 5.164. 1 23. HomeContents Index CHAPTER 1In two small areas off the Italian coast in the vicinity light-buoys (special) and sometimes with additional marker of Grado (4541N 1323E). For details see buoys, are situated close inshore along the Italian coast. 10.101 and 12.368. 2 Marine farms have been established in many shelteredIn a small area NW of Otok krada (4429N locations in the area covered by this book; the development 1451E). For details see 9.401.has been rapid and is continuing. The limits of the areas are shown on the appropriate The activity is carried out mainly in large fish cages;charts, with the exception of that off Otok krada.very little of the structure is visible above the surface of the water, which makes them difficult to sight.Cables and pipelinesThe charted positions of the farms are approximate and1.5the area covered by individual farms and associated1Submarine cables and pipelines are laid in many areas moorings can be extensive. Mariners are cautioned to keepdescribed in this volume and particularly amongst thea good lookout, both visually and by radar, whenislands bordering the Croatian coast. The cables and navigating in these areas.pipelines are shown on the charts and are mentioned in thetext only if laid in the vicinity of anchorages. See alsoExercise areas1.40.2Overhead cables are mentioned where the clearance Firing and practice areasbeneath them may be a hazard to navigation. See The1.11Mariners Handbook (NP 100) for details concerning radar1 A large number of areas exists in the waters describedresponses to be expected from overhead cables. in this volume, in which national naval or military exercises take place. In particular Italian naval surface unitsPiracy may be encountered exercising in the vicinity of Brindisi1.6(4039N 1758E), Ancona (4337N 1331E), Porto1Attacks on vessels by armed thieves, in the Strait of Corsini (4430N 1217E), and in Gulf of Venice.Otranto and its approaches have been reported in 1995,Firing practices are normally promulgated by1996, 1997 and 1998. navigational warning unless the area concerned is within territorial waters and declared permanently active. TRAFFIC AND OPERATIONSSubmarine operations and exercises 1.121 For general information on the characteristics ofTrafficsubmarines, and visual signals to denote their presence, seeFerriesThe Mariners Handbook.1.7 Information in Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to1International ferries. Passenger and vehicle ferries areMariners relating to submarines applies in general tooperated on scheduled services, some seasonal, across theforeign submarines and also gives details of procedures toAdriatic and into the Ionian Sea. Principal internationalbe followed in emergency when dealing with a sunkenferry terminals include those located at the following ports submarine.described in this volume:2 Greece: Ptrai; Krkira; Igoumentsa. Marine exploitationAlbania: Durrs. Offshore oil and methane gas fieldsSerbia and Montenegro: Bar.1.13Croatia: Dubrovnik; Split; Primoten; Zadar; Mali 1Extensive offshore oil and methane gas fields areLoinj; Rijeka; Pula.situated off the Italian coast N of about latitude 42N.Italy: Trieste; Brindisi; Bari; Pescara; Ancona; Rimini; Associated fixed and mobile structures and installationsVenezia. may be encountered as much as 32 miles offshore, although3Some services also extend to ports outside the area the majority lie within about 16 miles of the coast. Ancovered by this volume, including Istanbul and Genoa.oilfield has been established 27 miles WSW of Pula1.8(4452N 1351E).1National ferries (passenger and vehicle):2Many of the structures are connected by submarineGreece: regular services are operated between thepipelines and power cables which are also laid to the coast.Greek mainland and Ionoi Nsoi; there are The largest scale chart of the area concerned is the bestfrequent services across Sten Ron-Andrrionguide to the positions of the fixed structures and to the(4.72).prohibited areas in their vicinity. The positions of mobileCroatia: an extensive network of services are operated structures are published periodically by national notices toalong the whole length of the mainland coast and mariners.amongst the off-lying islands. There are no special fairways through the fields.1.9For information upon types of structures see The1High speed ferries may be encountered in some areas.Mariners Handbook. 1.14Fishing 1Aids to navigation. Production platforms and associated1.10 structures generally carry all or some of the following:1A considerable amount of offshore fishing is carried out Lights: Morse (U) 15 secs, 6 miles; fixed red aircraftin the Adriatic, particularly by night. An occasional tunnyobstruction lights.fishery may be encountered off the Italian coast. These Fog signal: Morse (U) 30 seconds.fisheries are marked by boats or floats, all with IALA 1.15special mark characteristics, including lights at night. A1Protection of offshore installations. Safety zones maynumber of shellfish breeding beds, usually marked by be established around the installations, prohibiting entry,2 24. HomeContents Index CHAPTER 1anchoring or fishing as appropriate, under international law. 2Publishing authorities:For details see The Mariners Handbook and AnnualGreece: Hellenic Navy Hydrographic Service, TGNSummary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners. 1040, ATHNAI. Serbia and Montenegro: Hidrografski Institut, RatnePipelines Mornarice, 85333 LEPETANE.1.16 Croatia: Dravni Hidrografski Institut, Zrinsko1Gas from a damaged oil or gas pipeline could cause anFrankopanska 161, 21000 SPLIT.explosion or some other serious hazard. Pipelines are not 3Slovenia: Ministry of Transport and Communications,always buried and their presence may effectively reduce the Maritime Division, Hydrographic Section,charted depth by as much as 2 m. Where pipelines areLangusova 4, 1000 Ljubljana.close together, only one may be charted. Mariners should Italy: Istituto Idrografico della Marina, Passonot anchor or trawl in the vicinity of a pipeline; they may Osservatorio 4, 16134 GENOA.risk prosecution if damage is caused. For further information see The Mariners Handbook. Greek orthography 1.22Seismic surveys and scientific research 1 The names on Greek charts published prior to 19851.17 were given in Katharvousa, but on Greek charts dated1Vessels engaged in seismic surveys, normally inside the after 1985 names may be found in either Katharvousa or200 m depth contour, and other scientific research projectsDemotik (see languages at 1.80). Where names inmay be encountered in the Adriatic and should be given a Demotik are available they have been transliterated intowide berth. For further information see The MarinersRoman letters and used in this volume, and, as opportunityHandbook. The details of these operations are published by offers, they will be included on Admiralty charts.national notices to mariners and broadcast as NAVAREA 2 A further complication is introduced by the fact that inwarnings.accordance with international agreement a revised system1.18 of transliteration (ELOT 743) has been adopted for use1Oceanographic buoys. A number of light-buoyswith Greek geographical names and British Admiralty(special) are laid in mid-Adriatic for tidal predictioncharts and publications are incorporating the resultingpurposes in connection with the protection of Veneziachanges as the opportunity provides.against flooding at high-water. Their positions are shown As a result of these ongoing changes, there may beon the charts. discrepancies between some names on the charts and those Wave-recorder buoys may be encountered off the Italianin this volume. For example, the Greek word for islet maycoast; these light-buoys (special) are radar conspicuous and appear as Niss, Nisdha or Nisda.should be passed at not less than 300 m.Datums Depths CHARTS1.231 British Admiralty charts are reduced to the same levelAdmiralty charts as that used on national charts, which is normally LAT,1.19 MLWS, or MSL. The datum is usually indicated on the1The area described in this volume is covered by British chart.Admiralty charts which are largely compiled from Greek,Serbia and Montenegrin, Croatian, Slovenian and ItalianElevationsGovernment charts. The source and date of the information1.24used is given under the title of each chart.1 British Admiralty charts: see EXPLANATORY2In certain areas where the British Admiralty charts showNOTES in the front of this volume.insufficient detail for navigation close inshore these SailingGreek, Serbia and Montenegrin, Croatian, SloveneDirections have been written using foreign charts. These and Italian Government charts: Measured from MSL.are not quoted as reference charts in the text, which hasHorizontalbeen written on the assumption that mariners wishing to1.25navigate in these areas will have provided themselves with1 Differences in geographical positions of up to 1 minutesuitable charts on which to do so. of longitude exist between some British Admiralty charts1.20 based on old surveys and British and foreign charts based1Caution: Albania. Owing to insufficient information iton newer surveys. Notes on the charts concerned giveis not possible to ensure that Admiralty charts covering the details of the differences.coast of Albania and adjacent waters are up to date for When transferring positions to or from these charts it isnew dangers or changes in aids to navigation. Mariners are advisable to do so by bearing and distance from a commontherefore warned to exercise additional care whenreference object and not by latitude and longitude.navigating these waters.2 Modern metric British Admiralty charts are normally on the same horizontal datum as the corresponding foreignForeign charts charts and this is usually indicated on the chart:1.21 GreeceEuropean Datum.1 Greek, Serbia and Montenegrin, Croatian, Slovenian and Serbia and MontenegroHermanskogel Datum.Italian Government charts, mainly of their own respectiveCroatiaHermanskogel Datum.waters, may be obtained from the publishing authoritiesItalyMonte Mario, Roma and ED50 Datum.listed below and in the Catalogue of Admiralty Charts.3 Most British Admiralty charts in the area covered byThese charts are not issued by the UKHO nor are they this volume are based on the European Datum (1950).corrected by Admiralty Notices to Mariners.Positions derived from satellite navigation systems are3 25. HomeContents Index CHAPTER 1normally based on World Geodetic System 1984 datum,International Code of Signals by day and the appropriateand the difference between this and the horizontal datum oflights by night.the published chart is given in a note on the chart. General 1.29 AIDS TO NAVIGATION 1 Signals. A vessel requiring a pilot should display the signals laid down in The International Code of Signals.Local arrangement. Details of pilotage arrangements Lightsfor individual ports and waterways. are given in the text1.26 describing the places concerned. See also Admiralty List of1Navigational lights are the responsibility of the Radio Signals Volume 6 (3) for the larger and moreappropriate national authorities.important ports. Major lights are those with a nominal range of 15 milesor more. Light-structures only are described in the body of thisRADIO FACILITIESbook. For further details of the lights, see Admiralty List ofLights Volume E. Satellite navigation systems 1.301 For details of available satellite navigation systems see Buoyage Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 2.1.27There are no DGPS stations transmitting within the area1In Greek, Albanian, Serbia and Montenegrin, Croatian, covered by this book.Slovenian and Italian waters the IALA Maritime BuoyageFor differences in geographical positions where chartsSystem Region A (red to port) has been implemented.and satellite navigation systems are based on different For details of the IALA system see The Marinershorizontal datums see 1.25.Handbook or IALA Maritime Buoyage System (NP 735).Radar beacons 1.31 PILOTAGE 1 Racons are mentioned in the appropriate geographical chapters. Details are given in Admiralty List of RadioNational requirementsSignals Volume 2.1.281Greece. Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels exceeding Radio stations500 grt in most ports of consequence in Greek waters 1.32described in this volume. 1 For full details on all radio stations which transmit in Albania. Pilotage is compulsory for foreign vessels onthe area covered by this volume see Admiralty List ofall parts of the Albanian coast. Radio Signals Volume 1 (1) and Volume 3 (1).2Serbia and Montenegro. Pilotage is compulsory for allvessels over 500 grt in Serbia and Montenegrin ports and in Radio navigational warningssome coastal waters as described in the body of the book.Pilots for ports where pilotage is not compulsory can be NAVAREA III warningsobtained on request to pilot station at Bar. Pilotage is also1.33compulsory for vessels carrying dangerous chemical or 1 The area covered by this volume lies within the limits ofcombustible substances whilst proceeding between SerbiaNAVAREA III. Details of warnings and a list of those inand Montenegrin ports and whilst within Serbia and force are issued by the Co-ordinator NAVAREA III,Montenegrin coastal waters.Instituto Hidrografica de la Marina, Cadiz, Spain.3Croatia. Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over NAVAREA III warnings are broadcast through:500 grt in Croatian ports and in some coastal waters as a) National coast radio stations.described in the body of the book. Pilots for ports where b) SafetyNET (Enhanced Group Calling Internationalpilotage is not compulsory can be obtained on request to SafetyNET).pilot stations at Dubrovnik (Gru), Split and Rijeka. 2 For broadcast details see Admiralty List of Radio SignalsPilotage is also compulsory for vessels carrying dangerous Volumes 3 (1), 5.chemical or combustible substances whilst proceeding Coastal navigation warningsbetween Croatian ports and whilst within Croatian coastal1.34waters. Pilot boarding positions for such vessels proceeding1 Warnings are broadcast in English and nationalto the principal ports from international waters are shown languages through national coast radio stations. For fullon the charts and are as follows:broadcast details see Admiralty List of Radio Signals4 Ploe 43050N 17000E. Volume 3 (1).Split 43282N 16010E.ibenik 43387N 15523E. Local warningsZadar 44233N 14346E. 1.35Rijeka 45118N 14294E. 1 Local warnings cover the area within the limits of5Slovenia. Pilotage is compulsory for vessels over 500 grt jurisdiction of a harbour or port authority and may beentering or leaving Slovene ports. issued by those authorities. They may be issued in the Italy. Pilotage is compulsory for foreign vessels overnational language only and supplement the coastal500 grt, occasionally 400 grt, in most ports of consequencenavigational warnings by giving information which thedescribed in this volume. Pilot vessels are painted blackocean-going ship may normally not require.with a white band with P or PILOT painted on theFor broadcast details see Admiralty List of Radio Signalsbow, stern and funnel, and display flag H of the Volume 3 (1).4 26. HomeContents Index CHAPTER 1 Radio weather services 2 The Convention consists of 5 annexes. Annex I (Oil), Annex II (Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk), Annex IIIMETAREA III warnings/bulletins (Harmful Substances carried at Sea in Packaged Form) and1.36 Annex V (Garbage from Ships), which contains special1The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has provisions for the Mediterranean Sea, are mandatory;established a global service for the broadcast of high seasAnnex IV (Sewage from Ships) is optional.weather warnings and routine weather bulletins, through the The Mediterranean Sea is defined as a Special Area forEnhanced Group Calling International SafetyNET Service.the purpose of the Convention. MARPOL 73/78 andMETeorological service AREAS (METAREAS) areAnnexes are described in detail in The Marinersidentical to the 16 NAVAREAS within the World-Wide Handbook.Navigational Warning Service (WWNWS).2Each METAREA has a designated NationalGeneral regulationsMeteorological Service responsible for issuing high seas Port regulationsweather warnings and bulletins. The designated authorities 1.42are not necessarily in the same country as the NAVAREA1 At most of the ports of any consequence in this volumeco-ordinators. Weather warnings and routine bulletins arevessels are subject to local regulations. Only the morebroadcast through: important of such regulations are given in the appropriate3 a) National coast radio stations.part of the book and mariners are advised to obtain a copyb) SafetyNET (Enhanced Group Calling International of the full regulations before or on arrival at the portsSafetyNET).concerned. For broadcast details see Admiralty List of Radio SignalsVolumes 3 (1) and 5. Quarantine 1.43Meteorological broadcasts by radio-facsimile1Quarantine regulations are enforced at all the more1.37 important ports described in this volume. International1The area covered by this volume lies within the Quarantine Messages can be sent to all Greek and allradio-facsimile broadcast coverage area of national coastItalian ports. For details see Admiralty List of Radio Signalsradio-facsimile stations. For broadcast details see AdmiraltyVolume 1 (1).List of Radio Signals Volume 3 (1). GreeceNational weather servicesProhibited areas1.38 1.441National weather warnings and weather bulletins are1 Mariners are warned that passage is restricted, and aissued through national coast radio stations. For broadcastcontrol of navigation exercised by Greek Naval Authorities,details see Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 3 (1).in certain areas within Greek territorial waters. The areas concerned are shown on the charts and mentioned in theRadio medical advice appropriate part of the body of this volume.1.39 1.451Mariners may obtain medical advice by radio through1 Naval Authorities. A naval headquarters is situated atthe International Radio-Medical Centre (CIRM) in Rome. Ptrai with a subordinate command in Krkira. For further information, and for details of the coast radio Defence installationsstations see Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 1 (1). 1.461 Severe penalties may be imposed on persons foundREGULATIONStaking photographs or collecting hydrographic information within 10 km of a Greek naval or military fortified installation. Where these regulations apply in the vicinity ofInternational regulationsthe prohibited areas, they may also be applicable outsideSubmarine cables and pipelines those areas or within channels passing through the areas.1.40 Albania1Mariners are warned that every care should be taken toavoid anchoring or trawling in the vicinity of submarine Navigation in territorial waters and harbourscables or pipelines. 1.47 See The Mariners Handbook for information on the1 Vessels from Greece, Serbia and Montenegro, Croatia,International Convention for the Protection of Submarine Slovenia and Italy are required to signal their ETA 48 hoursCables, together with advice on the action to be taken inin advance; vessels from other countries, 5 days in advance.the event of fouling a cable or pipeline. The ports of Sarand (5.125), Durrs (6.16), and Shngjin (6.63) are open to all foreign vessels. ForeignPollutionvessels wishing to enter these ports must contact the coast1.41 radio station at Durrs, see Admiralty List of Radio Signals1General information. The International Convention for Volumes 1 (1) and 6 (3) before entering Albanian territorialthe Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973 was adoptedwaters.by the International Conference on Marine Pollution 2 Vessels must enter the ports by recommended tracks.convened by IMO in 1973. It was modified by the ProtocolForeign vessels within Albanian territorial waters are notof 1978 relating thereto and adopted by the Internationalallowed to contact other vessels, approach other vessels, orConference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention move berth without permission of the Harbour Authorities.convened by IMO in 1978. The convention, as modified by 3 Regulations concerning the illegal emigration ofthe protocol, is known as MARPOL 73/78.Albanian citizens towards Italian territory have been issued5 27. HomeContentsIndexCHAPTER 1and apply to vessels of all flags in Albanian territorial given with the description of the localities concerned in thewaters. All merchant ships entering or leaving Albanian body of this volume.territorial waters will be contacted by Italian warships orItalian Coast Guard vessels which will carry out inspection Lights displayed by vessels of the Serbiaprocedures. and Montenegrin Navy4 Vessels must be prepared to submit the following1.52information: 1 In addition to their normal navigation lights, Serbia and Name.Montenegrin naval vessels operating in company, may show International call sign. fixed or flashing red, green, blue or white lights from their Flag.masts, visible at ranges up to 2 miles all round the horizon. Last port of call and date of departure.5Destination(s) in Albania and ETA. Croatia General description of cargo.Pollution Number of crew.1.53 Number of illegal emigrating Albanians (if any).1 Any discharge of harmful waste material overboard, in For vessels leaving Albanian territorial waters, their Croatian waters, should be reported to the nearest harbourdestination(s) in Italy and ETA (if possible).masters office.6 On the basis of information given by the inspectionco-ordinator, appropriate action will be taken based on the Restricted areasfollowing:1.54 (a) for vessels bound for Albanian territorial waters 1A number of areas in which navigation is prohibited are masters will be advised on the necessity for situated in Croatian waters. These areas are described in ensuring the absence of illegal Albanian emigrants the appropriate part of the body of this volume. In addition when departing Albanian ports. there are also a number of areas where under-water7(b) for vessels leaving Albanian territorial waters andactivities are prohibited. declaring their destination to be an Italian port,2National parks. The following are designated as the vessel can be inspected to confirm the absence National parks in which there are restrictions and to which of illegal Albanian emigrants. special regulations apply: (c) for vessels leaving Albanian territorial waters and Otok Mljet (7.113). declaring their destination to be other than an Rijeka Krka (8.193). Italian port, the vessel will not be stopped butOtok Kornat (8.211). may be followed to confirm that their course hasLuka Telaica (8.267). not changed towards an Italian port.Brijuni Otoci (10.14).8 In International waters, vessels flying Albanian or Italianflags can be subject to the right of approach and visit byNotice of ETAItalian warships. Vessels flying other flags may be subject 1.55to the right of approach by Italian warships in accordance 1 Vessels entering Croatian waters should give 24 hourswith International Maritime Law. Consequential actions cannotice of their ETA through any Croatian coast radiobe carried out in accordance with Article 110 of the Law of station.the Sea Convention 1982.Speed restrictions1.56 Serbia and Montenegro 1 Speed restrictions are in force in a number of places inthe internal waters of Croatia. Details are given with thePollution description of the localities concerned in the body of this1.48volume.1Any discharge of harmful waste material overboard, inSerbia and Montenegrin waters, should be reported to theBosnia and Herzegovinanearest harbour masters office.PollutionProhibited areas1.571.49 1 Any discharge of harmful waste material overboard, in1 A number of areas in which navigation is prohibited are Bosnia and Herzegovina waters, should be reported to thesituated in Serbia and Montenegrin waters. These areas arenearest harbour masters office.described in the appropriate part of the body of thisvolume. In addition there are also a number of areas where Sloveniaunder-water activities are prohibited.Pollution1.58Notice of ETA1 Any discharge of harmful waste material overboard, in1.50Slovenian waters, should be reported to the nearest harbour1Vessels entering Serbia and Montenegrin waters shouldmasters office.give 24 hours notice of their ETA via the Serbia andMontenegro coast radio station. Restricted areas1.59Speed restrictions 1 Two areas in which anchoring and navigation is1.51prohibited by power-driven craft are situated in Slovenian1Speed restrictions are in force in a number of places in waters. These areas are described in the appropriate part ofthe internal waters of Serbia and Montenegro. Details are the body of this volume. 6 28. Home Contents Index CHAPTER 1Notice of ETA 2 All such vessels are required to send a report to the Port1.60 Captain before entering territorial waters, maintain contact1Vessels calling at Slovenian harbours should give with him, advising him of any navigational defects, and to24 hours notice of their ETA through any coast radio employ a pilot outside compulsory pilotage areas wheneverstation. Vessels carrying dangerous goods should send ETAconditions of cargo or navigation require.48 hours prior to arrival. For details see Admiralty List ofFor further details see Admiralty List of Radio SignalsRadio Signals Volumes 1 (1) and 6 (3). Volume 6 (3). Weapons and arms Italy 1.641All vessels carrying arms, and ammunition, must declarePollutionthem and obtain ministerial permission before entering1.61 Italian territorial waters. Such vessels should provide full1All vessels navigating in Italian waters should reportdetails to their agents at least 4 days before enteringpollution by noxious substances, and accidents which could territorial waters.lead to such pollution. Details of addressees and form ofreport are given in Admiralty List of Radio SignalsVolume 1 (1).SIGNALSRestricted areas Storm signals1.62 Greece, Albania, Serbia and Montenegro, Croatia,1A number of restricted areas to which entry is prohibited Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Sloveniaexist off the coast, as shown on the charts. These areas are 1.65described in the appropriate part of the body of this 1 No visual storm warning signals are used in thesevolume.countries.2The following are designated as Marine Nature Reservesin which there are restrictions and to which special Italyregulations apply: 1.66 An area known as Torre Guaceto centred on position 1The following visual storm signals may be displayed at4044N 1748E and comprises of three zones.Italian ports:Zone A marked by light-buoys (special), entry andfishing prohibited.Zone B entry and fishing prohibited.Zone C entry by powered craft prohibited; fishingpermitted by an authorised method.3Isola Pianosa (4213N 1545E) (11.267) has fullreserve status. The sea area is marked by light-buoys(special). Only the following activities are permitted withprior authorisation from the Harbour Master at Manfredonia(11.211):Navigation, approach and stopping of craft, forscientific purposes and guided visits.Bathing and immersion with or without breathingapparatus.4Isole Tremiti (4207N 1530E) (11.268) comprises oftwo zones in which only the following activities arepermitted with prior authorisation from the Harbour Masterat Manfredonia (11.211):Zone B the sea area surrounding Isola Caprara andthe W coast of Isola San Domino, between PuntaProvvidenza and Punta Secca, out to the 70 mdepth contour. Fishing by rod and line or byweighted line; navigation; immersion and Storm signals Italy (1.66)underwater photography.5 Zone C the remaining sea area out to the 70 mInternational signalsdepth contour. Fishing is prohibited unlesspreviously authorised. Serbia and Montenegro 1.67Vessels carrying dangerous cargoes1 Boka Kotorska. Vessels over 150 m in length navigating1.63 in Boka Kotorska (6.154) are required to display flag signal1Special regulations are in force for vessels entering orZV of the International Code of Signals.leaving the following Italian ports, Trieste, Monfalcone,Brindisi, Bari, Barletta, Manfredonia, Termoli, Vasto, DISTRESS AND RESCUEOrtona, Pescara, Ancona, Falconara Marittima, Venezia andPort Nogaro. They apply to tankers of 1600 grt and overCoastguard servicescarrying petroleum, gas and other flammable cargoes, either1.68totally or partially laden and including those empty but not1 The Greek Port Officer Service, the Italian Corps ofyet declared gas-free. Capitaneria di Porto, and similar organisations in Serbia7 29. Home Contents Index CHAPTER 1and Montenegro, Croatia and Slovenia are the nearest co-ordinates rescue and salvage operations in Croatianequivalents to the British Coastguard system. The Italianwaters. For details see Admiralty List of Radio Signalsservice is a quasi-naval organisation with a representativeVolumes 1 (1) and 6 (3). Some Croatian Port Authoritiesin even the smallest ports where they are known as operate special rescue craft.Delegazione del Spiaggia.1.711 Slovenia. The Harbour Masters office in Koper Rescue services co-ordinates rescue and salvage operations in Slovenian1.69 waters. For details see Admiralty List of Radio Signals1There are no lifeboat services equivalent to the BritishVolumes 1 (1) and 6 (3).organisation in the area covered by this volume. 1.72 Greece. Search and rescue is co-ordinated by the 1 Italy. Life saving is organised by the Corps ofMinistry of Mercantile Marine. In the waters covered byCapitaneria di Porto in conjunction with the local fishingthis volume, life-saving is organised by the Harbour fleets and other shipping in the area.Authorities at Kalamta, Plos, Ptrai, Prveza, Krkira andThe Italian Automated Search and Rescue systemin the larger islands. (ARES) is in operation. Non-Italian vessels in the1.70 Mediterranean are encouraged to participate. For details see1Croatia. The Harbour Masters office in RijekaAdmiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 1 (1).8 30. HomeContents IndexCHAPTER 1 COUNTRIES AND PORTSGREECEGreek army advanced to within 60 miles of Ankara beforebeing repulsed.General descriptionIn 1923 the Treaty of Lausanne returned Eastern Thrace1.73and Izmir to Turkey and provided for the exchange of1Greece, known to the Greeks as Ells, is a maritimeGreek and Turkish minorities. During the 1939 to 1945state in the SE of Europe and comprises a number of war, Greece was occupied by the Italians and Germans.regions. It is bounded on the N by Albania and theGovernmentRepublic of Macedonia and Bulgaria, on the E by Turkey1.78and the Aegean Sea, on the S by the Eastern Mediterranean 1 On gaining independence a monarchy was establishedSea, and on the W by the Ionian Sea. The capital iswhich lasted until 1924 when a Republic was proclaimed.Athnai (Athens).The monarchy was restored in 1935, but after various1.74vicissitudes it was finally terminated by referendum on 8th1Mainland. The limits of mainland Greece lying withinDecember 1974. Since then Greece has been a Presidentialthe area covered by this volume extend from kra TanaroParliamentary Republic with a governmental structure(3623N 2229E) in the S to the border with Albania,similar to those in most European countries. The President,about 230 miles NNW, in the N, which incorporateswho is Head of State, is elected by Parliament for a termcoastlines of the following regions of Greece:of five years. The President appoints a prime minister, and2 Pelopnnisos, formerly known as Morea, a largeon the latter s advice, the remaining members of peninsula connected to the rest of the mainland bygovernment. The President is advised by the Council of the an isthmus 3 miles wide at Krinthos.Republic.Central Greece.piros formerly Epirus. Population1.751.791Islands. About one fifth of the total area of Greece1 Population about 106 million (2000).consists of more than 1400 islands of which about 170 areinhabited. The principal island group lying within this Languagevolume are Ionoi Nsoi (Ionian Islands) which lie adjacent 1.80to the coast and include, from S to N: Zkinthos,1 Greek is the official language of the country. TheKefallina, Ithki, Lfkas (Levks), Paxo and Krkira. modern language contains many features of classical Greekwhich has existed for 3000 years.National limits2 In the nineteenth century a form of Greek known asKatharvousa was devised to purify the language and1.76return it to a form nearer to that of the ancient dialect from1Greece claims a limit of 6 miles, measured from normalwhich it developed. However, Katharvousa never becamebaselines, for both its territorial waters and fisherieswidely established and in 1976 it was abolished as ajurisdictions. For further details, see Annual Summary oflanguage of university instruction and government. TheAdmiralty Notices to Mariners.form of present day spoken Greek, which has become thelanguage of modern literature, is generally termedHistory Demotik.1.77 3 Apart from Greek, the languages most commonly1From the end of the political independence of the city understood are English, French and Italian.states of ancient Greece to the early years of the nineteenthcentury Greece was ruled successively by the Roman, Physical featuresByzantine and Ottoman Empires.1.81 The Greek War of Independence began in 1821 and 1 General terrain. The Greek mainland is mountainous.continued until 1829 when, by the Treaty of Adrianople, Much of the country is dry and rocky, and little more thanTurkey finally recognized the independence of Greece. Atone quarter of the land is arable. In some of thethat time the country comprised Pelopnnisos, Central mountainous regions, especially Pelopnnisos, there areGreece, Kikldhes Nsoi and Nsoi Vrioi Spordhes. extensive tablelands. In its general aspect the country2The Greek vision was to bring all Greeks of thepresents a series of striking and interesting contrasts; fertiledeclining Ottoman Empire into the new state. Thetracts covered with vineyards, olive groves, cornfields orrealisation of this idea took many years, and its pursuit forests lie close to rugged heights and rocky precipices.created tensions between Greece and its neighbours, 1.82particularly Turkey, which have persisted to the present 1 Coast. A number of significant gulfs indent the coaststime. The principal secessions of territory to Greece after of Greece described in this volume. With few exceptionsindependence were as follows: the characteristic features of the coasts are a high and31864 Ionoi Nsoi, by Britain. picturesque seaboard, sparsely populated, with deep-water 1881 Thessala and piros, by Turkey.close inshore. The exceptions are chiefly in the vicinity of 1913 Makedhona, Krti and Eastern Sporadhes, by the entrances to Patraks Klpos (3815N 2130E) andTurkey. Amvrakiks Klpos (3858N 2057E) where the land is 1918 Thrki, by Bulgaria.low and marshy. Everywhere the interior is lofty and 1947 Dhodheknisoi, by Italy.visible from a distance of 60 to 80 miles to seaward.4In 1920 Eastern Thrace and Izmir were ceded to Greece1.83by the Treaty of Svres. 1 Rivers. The rivers which enter the sea on the W coast In 192122 the Greeks took the offensive against the are of little commercial importance or of interest to theTurks in pursuit of their claims in Anatolia. From Izmir themariner, and few are navigable even by boats. 9 31. Home Contents Index CHAPTER 1Industry and trade Population1.84 1.921Agriculture. Greece remains a predominantly 1Population about 35 million (2000).agricultural country with about one fifth of the working Languagepopulation employed in agriculture. Principal products are: 1.93tomatoes, olives and olive oil, cereals, sugar beet, cotton, 1The Albanian language is divided into two dialects:citrus and other fruits, vegetables, grapes and wine, Gheg, spoken N of Gryka e Shkumbinit (4101N 1926E),livestock, dairy produce. and Tosk in the S. Thus many places have two forms of Fishing. The total catch in 1998 was 128 328 tonnes, name, and many are still also known by an Italian form.mainly from sea fishing. Since 1945 the official language has been based on Tosk.2Manufacturing industries have increased considerablyin recent (1997) years and employ about one seventh of t