Newton’s Laws of Motion

Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727) was an English scientist and mathematician famous for his discovery of the law of gravity also discovered the three laws of motion.He published them in his book “Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica”(Mathematic principles of natural philosophy) in 1687. Today these laws are known as Newton’s Laws of Motion and describe the motion of all objects on the scale we experience in our everyday lives.

1642 - 1727

SIR ISAAC NEWTON’S

THREE LAWS OF MOTION

Three Laws of Motion

1. Law of Inertia

2. Law of Acceleratio

n

3. Law of Interaction

NEWTON’S 1ST LAW OF

MOTION

LAW OF INERTIA

An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an external force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an external force.

When a running horse suddenly stops, the rider falls forward.

When a horse suddenly starts moving the rider falls backward.

We hated carpet with a stick to remove the dust. Athletes run some distance, before

taking a long jumps . A man jumping form a moving

train/bus may fall down.

APPLICATION OF FIRST LAW OF MOTION

The seat belt provides the unbalanced force which brings you from a state of motion to a state of rest. Perhaps you could speculate what would occur when no seat belt is used.

EXAMPLE 1

NOTICE : Wear seat belts !!!

If the truck were to abruptly stop and the straps were no longer functioning, then the ladder in motion would continue in motion.

EXAMPLE 2

SOME EXAMPLES FROM REAL LIFE

Two teams are playing tug of war. They are both exerting equal force on the rope in opposite directions.This balanced force results in no change of motion.

A soccer ball is sitting at rest. It takes an unbalanced force of a kick to change its motion.

NEWTON’S2NDLAW OF MOTION

The Net FORCE of an object is equal to the product of its MASS & ACCELERATION. F = ma

Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object).

What does this mean?Everyone unconsciously knows the Second Law. Everyone knows that heavier objects require more force to move the same distance as lighter objects.

sdAPPLICATION OF SECOND LAW OF MOTION

When catching a ball a cricket player lowers his hands to save himself from getting hurt.

Cars, busses, trucks, bogies of the train, etc. are provided with a spring system to avoid server jerks.

Bogies of the train are provided with buffer to avoid server jerks during shunting of trains.

A person falling on frozen ice is likely to receive more injuries than one falling on kuchcha floor.

China wares are wrapped in straw or paper before packing.

If mass remains constant, doubling the acceleration, doubles the force. If force remains constant, doubling the mass, halves the acceleration.

EXAMPLE 1

EXAMPLE 2

GREATER THE WEIGHT IF AN OBJECT HAS, THE LONGER IT TAKES AIR RESISTANCE TO CREATE A NET FORCE OF ZERO AND STOP ACCELERATION.

NEWTONS 3RD LAW OF MOTION

LAW OF INTERACTION

“In every action, there is always an equal and opposite reaction”

APPLICATION OF THIRD LAW OF MOTION

While firing a bullet , the gun must be held tight to the shoulder.

When a man jumps from a boat to the shore, the boat slightly moves away from the shore.

When a bullet is fired from a gun, the gun recalls or gives a kick in backward direction.

Rocket works on the principle of conservation of momentum.

If some one left on a frictionless floor desire to get out of it, he can do so by blowing air out of his mouth.

Action: rocket pushes on gases

Reaction: gases push on rocket

EXAMPLE 1

Let's study how a rocket works to understand Newton's Third

Law.

EXAMPLE 2

Action: man jumps from boat to the shoreReaction: boat slightly moves away from the shore

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Thank You !

SIDDHI SHRIVAS

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