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So, the moot question remains: how professional are those in private security, which in most of the countries is being headed or guided by retired folks from the armed forces or public police. Ironically, many among them, even though they had otherwise been bright, might not have any occasion, during the course of their service career anything to deal with security as such. Yes, a disciplined or uniform background can be an asset but that cannot automatically lay claim to expertise in security matters. And, then, on top of this, commercial security is basically a lot different from government security – both in concepts and in execution. While one can or may have to aim at optimal or absolute security system in some government sectors, security management in the private sector will often have to balance between the costs and the returns thereof. The good thing, however, is there are now indications of fresh graduates joining private security directly and trying to make a career in security as a profession. This trend deserves to be encouraged. Conceptually, appreciation of security is, and has to be, largely subjective because too many variable factors are to be considered before someone can arrive at a proper security assessment. A security threat to Mr. X may not be so to Mr. Y. A security threat today may not remain a security threat tomorrow. A security threat in a specific situation may not pose any threat whatsoever in a different context. Then, just like an ailment is often diagnosed differently by different medical professionals, the threat perception of a situation can vary owing to the professional ability or expertise of the security assessor. So the debate raised by some whether security is a vocation or a profession goes on but does not really cut ice any longer. The issue is now settled. Security is as much a scientific profession as many others. Threats can now be professionally analyzed and a threat assessment arrived at according to some settled norms. There is yet another aspect warranting professional approach. The primary aim of any security system should be to prevent or deter mischief-makers but oftentimes breaches in security take place in spite of elaborate arrangements. Some acts of sabotage or subversion or of terrorism these days, particularly when perpetrated by suicide squads, cannot indeed be prevented. So, the best thing in such circumstances is to work out in advance plans to control damages or efficiently manage the post-incident situations. Indeed, management of such crisis situations is a skill that security managers must develop as a part of their professional duty. This could often be the test of professionalism of security men. There could, however, be some caveats in it. Many of the private security agencies do not have training system or facilities worth the name and so professionalism in security industry suffers. As in almost every sector even in the government, expenditure on training is generally considered an avoidable overhead in a majority of the corporate sector as well. It is a pitfall that has to be avoided. As a matter of fact, it is imperative that private security practioners spend adequate time and resources on training and sincerely devote themselves to reach and attain adequate professional knowledge and status. It is only then they would get the recognition they are hankering for but to attain which they are often not doing enough. Professionalism in security is must not only for the security practioners but also for the security and safety of all those they are obliged to serve and protect.

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Disaster Management Agency (NDMA), which he is heading. The workshop also assembled Indian and foreign experts on the role of media and in responding to natural calamities and nuclear and biological threats. I gave an example of the "pro-active" role of a government agency in my lead presentation: In April 2008, the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) had prepared a protection plan to guard America from the danger of 17 million small boats around their coastline. That was the time when Al Qaeda was planning to hit the US through a seaborne attack. The 26/11 attack could have been frustrated had our government agencies in Delhi and the states been as pro-active as DHS in increasing our coastal security after receiving several Central intelligence alerts on the LeT training a seaborne team. Thus when the LeT struck Mumbai, the US police and security systems considered it as a dress rehearsal for a similar attack on US mainland and went on an overdrive in holding training rehearsals on preventive security. The concept of "endless cities" emerged in 2010 after the UN Habitat meeting at Rio when they had warned that huge urban agglomerations would stand cheek by jowl in future, dwarfing the rural habitations. It warned that 70% of the world population would be urban dwellers by 2050. It also warned that rapid urbanization would result in more crime and law and order problems. In fact this concept is not new. While our government agencies and political leadership were ignoring the rising non-traditional security threats (NTS) like migration or climate change, other countries like Singapore and Canada have been focusing on that for years. In October 2007, I had cited these dangers while addressing the Indian Institute of Public Administration (Maharashtra Chapter), pointing out that globalization had loosened states' control over their polity. I had quoted Harvard professor Stanley Hoffman, who called this "erosion" the "emergence of a transnational society that includes multinational corporations, non-governmental organisations, criminals and terrorists". In 2004, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) had warned in an unclassified analysis that climate change and environmental degradation were likely to contribute significantly to conflicts and instability. On 1 August 2013, UC (Berkeley) released a report that climate change would result in growing violence between now and 2050. Rapid urbanisation, migration from other areas and climate change that we see now would pose great challenges to our administration, needing innovative strategies in handling such problems. No state government has realised this danger. Hence the organisers of this seminar, perhaps the first of its kind in India, need to be complimented. In my presentation I also tried to expand the idea of "Incident Management System" (IMS. The IMS is an innovative way in handling urban convulsions instead of the present fragmented way we are dealing with such challenges. During 26/11 the police had to remove the injured, get fire control equipment repaired and water replenished. This concept was further explained in detail by a DHS delegate. IMS, which has been used in the US since 1960s, and is now adopted by several other countries, is a model in which government agencies come together seamlessly under a pre-determined and pre-trained leadership, thus acting in unison and eliminating duplication of resources and confusion.

Sunday Guardian (New Delhi) Aug 11, 2013

http://www.sunday-guardian.com/analysis/how-to-subdue-urban-convulsions

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