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Nehru Report and Nehru Report and Jinnah’s Fourteen PointsJinnah’s Fourteen Points

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• In 1927 Simon Commission came to

British India to investigate the

working of the Montague-Chelmsford

Reforms, and to recommend further

changes.

• Conservative govt. did not include

any Indian in the Commission.

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•Various parties decided to boycott the commission

including Congress and Muslim League(Jinnah

Faction).

•Muhammad Ali Johar, Khilafat Conference and the

Jami’at-i-Ulema-i-Hind also boycotted the Simon

Commission

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• Muslim League Shafi wanted to co-operate

with Commission but Jinnah League

decided to boycott.

• John Simon and his Commission was

greeted everywhere with Congress-

organized demonstration and black flags.

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•Congress challenged the Lord Birkenhead,

Secretary of state of India to produce a

constitution acceptable to the various elements in

India.

•All Parties Conference was called on and

negotiations began on Constitutional matters

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• The Conference appointed a committee of

jurists with Moti Lal Nehru as chairman to

study the problem and draft the

Constitution.

• Sir Ali Imam and Mr.Shoaib Qureshi were

taken from Muslims as members of the

Committee.

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• Committee announced its report known

as “Nehru Report" in 1928.

• Muslim members of the committee

boycotted the proceeding as Muslims were

not accommodated in the report.

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• The Nehru report called for a general electorate , with no separate electorates to ensure that minority groups could elect their own representatives.

• Representation of Muslims in the central assembly be reduced from one third to one fourth.

• Rejected the federal form of Government in favor of a Unitary one.

• Division of power between center and Provinces but the Residuary powers will be vested in Center.

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• Nehru report was totally un-acceptable to almost every Muslim group in the Sub-Continent.

• Jinnah proposed amendments in the report but were rejected by the Hindus.

• Amendments could bridge the gulf between Hindus and Muslims but were rejected by Hindus so report was also rejected by Muslims.

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• Report was called a document of Slavery by Muslims.

• An All Parties Muslim Conference was held in Delhi on 31 December, 1928 to 1st Jan.,1929 to discuss the matter.

• All India Muslim Conference was set up under the leadership of Agha Khan and demanded for separate electorates for Muslims.

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• Muslim League reunited and in March 1929 it reiterated Muslim demands in Jinnah’s famous Fourteen Points, which were following:-

1. A federal, rather than a unitary form of Government.

2. Electoral safeguards for minorities in every Province.

3. Equal status for every Province.4. Separate electorates for religious and

other groups.

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5. One third of the seats in the central assembly to be reserved for Muslims.

6. No bill should be passed affecting a particular religion agree to it.

7. The Muslim majorities in Punjab, Bengal and NWFP should not be negated by boundary changes.

8. Sind should be a separate Province.9. NWFP and Baluchistan should be included

in all reforms.

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10.All religion should have freedom of worship, faith, Education, assembly and association.

11.There should be a proper number of Muslims in government services.

12.There should be constitutional safeguards for Muslim culture, language, religion, Education and welfare institutions.

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13.At least one third of the ministers in the provinces and at the Center should be Muslims.

14.The agreement of all the federating states would be necessary for amending the Constitution.

CONGRESS MINISTRIES

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• Simon Commission, the Nehru report, the Fourteen Points, Round Table Conferences and the Communal Award were all part of the preparations of the reformed Constitutions, which was set out in the Act of 1935.

• Elections held in first week of 1937.• Two major parties Indian National

Congress and All India Muslim League participated.

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• Muslim League did not perform well as was expected.

• Muslim League scored 102 out of total of 482 Muslim seats.

• Congress could score 706 out of total of 1771, and 26 out of 482 Muslim seats.

• Non-Congress Hindus occupied 211 Hindu seats.

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• Muslim League and Congress had same manifestoes except some minor issues.

• It was expected about coalition ministries of Muslim League and Congress but Congress denied.

• The Provincial Governors had the Constitutional power to intervene to safeguard the interests of Muslim minority but governor General assured the Congress not to use these powers.

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• Unionist Party got majority in Punjab and Sir Sikandar Hayat formed his ministry comprising of 3 Muslims, 2 Hindus and one Sikh minister.

• Sindh United Party formed government in Sindh under leadership of Sir Ghulam Hussain.

• In Bengal Maulvi Fazal-ul-Haq formed a coalition government .

• Congress formed her government in all other eight Provinces.

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Working of Congress Working of Congress MinistriesMinistries

• Three colored Flag “Tringa”.• Undue interference in Administration.• Bande Matram.• Introduction of Hindi in place of Urdu.• Nehru campaign in order to Crush the

Muslim League.• Wardha Scheme(domination of hindu

culture)

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• Widdia Mander Scheme introduced by Dr.Zakir Hussain.

• Prohibition of Cow Slaughter.• Prohibition to perform religious rites.• Intrigues against Muslim Governments.• Hindu-Muslim Riots.• Azan was prohibited and frequently

interrupted.

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END OF CONGRESS RULEEND OF CONGRESS RULE• Second World War broke out in 1939 and

Viceroy suspended the Federal part of India Act 1935 and announced about a new act to give liberty to India.

• Congress strongly reacted and decided to quit the Government and resigned between October 27,1939 and November 15,1939.

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• Muslim League observed “Day of Deliverance” on November 22,1939 as a mark of relief.

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Lahore Resolution

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• League demanded independence as Congress also demanded independence of India, Transfer of Power and establishment of Constituent Assembly.

• Sind Assembly had already passed a resolution for establishment of a separate state.

• Annual session of Muslim League held in Lahore in1940 and thousands of muslims participated in the session.

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• Maulvi Fazal-ul-Haq presented a resolution about a Separate State for Muslim of India.

• Ch.Khaliq-uz-Zaman seconded the resolution.

• Resolution was passed unanimously by participants and was named “Lahore Resolution”.

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• Resolution was about establishment of

separate States for Muslims of India

comprising of Punjab, Sind,NWFP and

Baluchistan in North West and of Bengal

and Assam in Eastern India, where they

can live with peace and harmony

practicing their religious rites.01/21/15

ReactionReaction

• A Hindu newspaper wrote it “Pakistan

Resolution” and the name was widely

accepted by Muslims.

• Muslims of Muslim minority Provinces

were more enthusiastic and happy than

that of other Provinces as they had an

experience of Congress Ministries.01/21/15

• Gandhi declared it a sin and morally illness

of Muslim League.

• Raj Gopal Acharya said Mr. Jinnah

committed a sin by dividing two brothers.

• Abdul Kalam Azad declared it a falsified

idea of Jinnah to divide India.

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Impacts on PoliticsImpacts on Politics

• Enhancement of prestige of Muslim League

.

• Unity among Muslims.

• Change of Government attitude .

• No change of Constitution without consent

of Muslims.

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• Equal representation of Muslims in

Executive Council.

• Muslim Nationalism.

• Strengthen the concept of two different

nations.

• Gave impetus to freedom movement.

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