National news agencies

News writing and reporting Page 1

Submitted by:

Asma Maqsood (510)

Harmain Akther (499)

Tayyaba Yousaf (485)

Aliza ahmed(490)

Mahajabeen Awan(475)

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Submitted to:

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Subject:

News reporting and writing

Assignment Topic:

National Agencies

National news agencies

News writing and reporting Page 2

Contents

Topic pages News agency 3

National news agency 5 APP 6 PPI 9 NNI 10

SABAH 10 ANN 11

NATONAL AGENCIS OF

OTHER COUNTRIES 11

PTI 11 BERNAMA 12

XINHUA 12 ENA 12

CONCLUSION 13 REFERENCE 14

National news agencies

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News Agency

Definition:

“An organization that collects news items and distributes them to

newspapers or broadcasters.”

“A news agency is an organization that gathers news reports and sells

them to subscribing news organizations, such

as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters.”

History:

Only a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home

city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded

1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United

States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain

and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse

(AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so

that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and

the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies.

Types:

There are major three types of news agencies. These types are

categorized according to geographical region. The types of agencies

include:

International or transnational or world news agency:

The transnational news agencies function on world wide scale. They have

a strong communication network and they maintain correspondents in all

the major cities of the world.

Examples are AP, AFP and Reuters.

National news agencies

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National news agency:

The National news agencies refer to the news agencies of an individual

country. Every country in the world has at least one news agency.

Examples are NAN, GNA etc.

Local or continental or regional news agency:

The continental or regional news agencies function within a continent or

a region. These news agencies are not as rich as the transnational news

agencies.

Few examples are PTI, PANA etc.

Global news agencies:

Although there are many news agencies around the world, the three

global news agencies, have offices in most countries of the world and

cover all areas of information.

Agence France-Presse(AFP)

Associated Press (AP)

Reuters

Commercial services:

News agencies can be corporations that sell news (e.g., Press

Association, Thomson Reuters and United Press International). Other

agencies work cooperatively with large media companies, generating

their news centrally and sharing local news stories the major news

agencies may choose to pick up and redistribute (i.e., Associated

Press (AP), Agence France-Presse (AFP) or American Press Agency

(APA) and Indian Press Agency PTI.

Governments may also control news agencies: China (Xinhua), the

United States of America (RFE/RL, RFA), Russia (ITAR-TASS), and

National news agencies

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several other countries have government-funded news agencies which

also use information from other agencies as well.

Associations:

There are several different associations of news agencies. EANA is the

European Alliance of Press Agencies, while the OANA is an association

of news agencies of the Asia-Pacific region. MINDS is a global network

of leading news agencies collaborating in new media business.

National Agencies

Definition:

“A government or state agency, often an appointed commission,

is a permanent or semi-permanent organization in the machinery

of government that is responsible for the oversight and

administration of specific functions, such as an intelligence

agency.”

Functions:

To ensure that continuous service is provided.

To provide accurate information. Try to be authorized source for any channels.

National Agencies of Pakistan:

Some major national agencies of Pakistan include:

APP

PPI

INP

National news agencies

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SABAH

NNI

ANN

ONLINE

“APP” News Agency

Stand for:

Associated press of Pakistan

Head office:

Islamabad

Bureaus:

Karachi

Lahore

Peshawar

Quetta

Rawalpindi

News centers:

Sukkur

Multan

Quetta

Faisalabad

Larkana

Hyderabad

Muzaffarabad and now Gilgit-Baltistan .

History:

Lack of financial resources

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Following Pakistan's independence, the new-born country's press was

economically weak, and was thus unable to financially support the

agency. APP asked the Government of Pakistan for financial support,

which was granted in the form of loans and subsidies. Government

support enabled APP to subscribe to the services of the world's news

agencies and to open offices in major cities of Pakistan.

Government takeover

Since its inception after the independence of Pakistan, the financial

situation of APP continued to deteriorate until it was on the verge of

collapse. This was a direct result of the withholding of payment of funds

from the Government of Pakistan due towards APP from the Ministry of

Information and Broadcasting in an effort to create a financial crisis for

the national news agency. In the early 1960s, APP owed about Rs. 8

lakhs (Rupees 800,000) to the government's Post and Telegraph

Department and another Rs. 12 lakhs (Rupees 1200,000) in unpaid

subscription fees to foreign news agencies. The Pakistan intervened and

took over the agency on 15 July 1961 following the instructions of

certain vested interests within the Government of Pakistan. A

government ordinance was issued for it. The given reason was to

strengthen APP's financial foundation.

The takeover took place with several changes: Malik Tajuddin was

removed and A K Qureshi, a senior government officer with some

journalistic experience, was hired as Administrator of APP. The head

office of the agency was shifted to Islamabad, the new capital of

Pakistan. While the financial position of the agency further deteriorated,

its coverage became more biased as the government started to use it as

an official mouthpiece. A K Qureshi was a member of the ill-fated

National Press Trust delegation traveling to London by PIA Flight

705 that crashed at Cairo on May 20, 1965. He is buried in a mass grave

at Cairo alongside his fellow passengers: victims of Pakistan's first jet

aircraft disaster.

National news agencies

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Editorial operation

The editorial function of any news agency is the same as that of a

newspaper i.e. it is divided between reporting teams and the news desk.

In smaller centers, the editorial staff consists of a reporter and sub-

editor. The reporting team is composed of about reporters, responsible

for specific beats such as economy, sports, crime, national and

provincial assemblies or major government departments. These news

desks are responsible for copy-writing and for coordinating activities of

the reporting team. They also handle press releases of government

information and private organizations including national and

international NGOs, embassies and foreign missions

The whole news operation is monitored by a Central News Desk (CND)

located at the head office in Islamabad. News stories, features, write-ups

from all bureaus are sent to Islamabad for editing and from there the

combined service is distributed nationally. The CND is connected with

foreign news agencies, local and foreign newspapers, government

entities, TV channels, Radio via an internet.

Subscribers:

APP collects and disseminates domestic and international news to 84

newspapers of Pakistan. APP’s subscription rates are higher than other

agencies in Pakistan, due to its credibility and services. For this reason

every newspaper in Pakistan tries to subscribe to its services. Notable subscribers:

Dawn, Pakistan Times, Frontier Post, The Statesman ,The Nation, The

News International, Business Recorder, The Observer, The

Post and Nawa-i-Waqt, Jang, Khabrain, Daily Express (Urdu

newspaper), The Express Tribune and other English and Urdu national

dailies.

National news agencies

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Staff:

The number of APP's employees is estimated at between 800 and 1000,

of whom over 200 to 350 are journalists and photographers while the

rest are administrative staff, including computer engineers, technicians,

peons, traffic attendants, data entry operators and finance staff.

Management and financing:

APP is a government organization, responsible to the Ministry of

Information and Broadcasting. The agency is headed by a Director-

General, appointed by the Ministry. Also it has a Managing Director

(MD) of APP, appointed by the government.

Since the government takeover, APP has not continued with an

undefined status – an official government body nor has an independent

news outfit, APP drawn criticism as a mouthpiece for the government of

the day.

Services provided by APP:

News service

Official news

Political & Other news

Foreign news

District news

Commercial service

Photo service

Urdu service

Feature & Write up Service

Video News Service

National news agencies

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“PPI” News Agency

Founded:

June 1956 as Pakistan Press Association (PPA)

Stands for:

Pakistan Press International

The name was changed in 1968. It was first started by Mr. Muzzam Ali,

the Chief Editor of Associated Press of Pakistan (APP). The agency

objective was to provide competition to APP's monopoly. It began its

service by hand, only in Karachi. PPA also built up a network of

correspondents in the smaller cities and towns in Pakistan. This was in

contrast to APP, which had coverage in a limited number of large cities.

For foreign news the agency signed up with the Agence France-

Presse (AFP) in 1957, and a year later became the first Asian partner of

DPA. PPA also posted a correspondent in the Middle East, an area of

special interest to Pakistani newspapers.

In 1958, the agency installed the teleprinters in the offices of its clients.

By 1960, PPI had subscribers in all the major newspapers centers of

Pakistan, namely Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi and Dacca.

“NNI” News Agency

Stands for:

News Network International (NNI)

A private-operated national news agency of Pakistan. It is a Pakistan's

most prominent news agency after Associated Press of Pakistan (APP)

and competitor of INP, ANN, Online, INN, PPA and SABAH. It was

established in 1992 and headquartered in G-7 zero point, Islamabad. It

has also offices in other major cities of Pakistan

including Lahore, Karachi, Quetta and Peshawar. It have hundreds

of reporters, Bureau chief all across the Pakistan and around the globe to

cover national and international issues. It provides services in both

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languages Urdu and English. In 2013 NNI's photographer killed in a

blast.

“SABAH” News Agency

SABAH is a south Asian news Asian broadcasting Agency.

The mission an is ACCURATE and REILABLE news delivery.

Head office is in Islamabad.

Its provide news coverage and information of Pakistan, Kashmir, and South Asia.

“ANN” News Agency

Stands for:

Asia news network

The Asia News Network (ANN) is a coalition of 22 leading news

organizations from South, Southeast and Northeast Asia.

The network covers a region of over 2 billion people across 20

countries.

Through the network, members pool resources and expertise to offer

in-depth coverage of regional and international issues by presenting

local viewpoints on complex topics.

The current managing editor is Cod Satrusayang.

He latest member to join Asia News Network was the Phnom Penh

Post which became a member in July 2017.

National agencies of other countries: The news agencies of some other countries include:

Press Trust of India: Press Trust of India (PTI) is the largest news agency in India

National news agencies

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It is headquartered in New Delhi and is

a nonprofit cooperative among more than 500

Indian newspapers and has more than 1,000 full-time employees,

as on January 22, 2016.

It provides news coverage and information of the region in both

English and Hindi. Its corporate office is located at Sansad Marg,

New Delhi and registered office in D N Road, Mumbai.

BERNAMA: The Malaysian National News Agency , abbreviated BERNAMA,

is a news agency of the government of Malaysia.

BERNAMA is an abbreviation of Berita Nasional Malaysia.

Bernama also means named or titled in the Malay language.

Xinhua News Agency: The official press agency of the People's Republic of China.

Xinhua is the biggest and most influential media organization in

China, as well as the largest news agency in the world in terms of

correspondents worldwide.

Xinhua is a ministry-level institution subordinate to the Chinese

central government. Its president is a member of the Central

Committee of China's Communist Party.

Xinhua operates more than 170 foreign bureaus worldwide, and

maintains 31 bureaus in China—one for

each province, autonomous region and directly-administered

municipality plus a military bureau.

Emirates News Agency: Emirates News Agency (Arabic: وكالة أنباء االمارات, translit. Wakalat

Anba'a al Emarat), also known as WAM, is the official news

agency of the United Arab Emirates.

National news agencies

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Conclusion News agency, also called press agency, press association, wire service, or news service, organization that gathers, writes, and distributes news from

around a nation or the world to newspapers, periodicals, radio and television broadcasters, government agencies, and other users. It does not generally

publish news itself but supplies news to its subscribers, who, by sharing costs, obtain services they could not otherwise afford. All the mass media

depend upon the agencies for the bulk of the news, even including those few that have extensive news-gathering resources of their own. National

agencies have extended the area of such coverage by gathering and distributing stock-market quotations, sports results, and election reports. A few agencies have extended their service to include worldwide news. The

service has grown to include news interpretation, special columns, news photographs, audiotape recordings for radio broadcast, and often videotape

or motion-picture film for television news reports.

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News writing and reporting Page 14

References

Wikipedia.com

britannica.com

slideshare.com

hamariweb.com