Five year plans for rural development

Farhana.K8TH SEM, 4TH YEAR

B. PLAN, SPA VIJAYAWADA

Rural development in

India

In ancient times, the rural people in India were organized into self-sufficient, hard working, cooperative, happy village republics.

Village system utterly destroyed during the British regime. Independent India has pledged to establish a socialistic pattern of

society through planned development. Rural development, therefore occupies priority in the agenda for rural

development in India for more reasons than one. Hence emphasis of rural development in five year plans were done.

203/05/2023

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First five year plan (1951-56 )

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND RURAL EXTENSION PROGRAMME

The Community Development Programme (CDP) was the first concrete effort drawn up for the development of rural areas, immediately after the formation of the Planning Commission in 1950 under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal.

Community Development is the method and Rural Extension the agency through which the Five Year Plan seeks to initiate a process of transformation of the social and economic life of the villages.

Through this programme, the rural people directly participated in the solution of their common problems and united the community efforts with those of the Government for their betterment.

The Plan provides Rs. 90 crores for community projects and proposes the establishment over a period of about ten years of a network of extension workers throughout the country.

The First Five Year Plan was basically a simple exercise of putting together programmes, targets and outlays, and it provided the first milestone in rural development through the launching of the Community Development Programme and National Extension Serve.•CDP covered the areas of

development of agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, fisheries, forestry, rural and cottage industries and promotion of health, sanitation, communication and education. •It was a multi-purpose one, but placed emphasis on agricultural production .•Despite its multi-faceted nature, the programme mainly focused on the economic improvement of the rural poor.

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Second five year plan (1956-61)

• The main objectives of the Plan were: an increase of 25% in the national income, rapid industrialisation with particular emphasis on the development of basic and heavy industries, large expansion of employment opportunities, and reduction of inequalities in income, wealth and more even distribution.

The Intensive Agricultural District Programme • The intensive Agricultural District Programme (IADP) was introduced

in 1962 with all the essential elements for increasing production to the extent needed. The objectives of IADP are:

To emphasise the necessity for government policies that could provide farmers incentives,etc.

To put together a package of practices with the resources and competence of all cultivators and then recommended through extension workers for the farmer's adoption.

To create new institutions oriented to and capable of providing all the cultivators with the services and inputs related to the recommended package of practices.

To provide markets that were farmer-oriented and trustworthy.

The Second Plan laid strong emphasis on industry. The idea was that this strategy will relieve the excess population in rural India. The strategy sought to increase employment in heavy Industry and the capital goods sector, so that the load on the agricultural sector could be lightened.Major programmes of

rural Reconstruction

• The Khadi and Village Industries Programme

• Village Housing Projects,• Scheme, Tribal Area

Development Programme

• Package Programme

• Intensive Agricultural District Programme

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Third five year plan ( 1961-66 )

Among the priorities listed in the Third Plan, it was generally recognised that agriculture had the first place. Thus in its Initial formulation at least, the Third Plan differed from the Second Plan. It is generally recognised that there was a general de-emphasis of agriculture in the Second Plan. The Third Plan attempted to reverse this.

• The Applied Nutrition Programme was introduced in the rural areas in 1962 in collaboration with UNICEF and some other agencies.

• The main ingredients of the programme were production and distribution of nutritious food.

• Besides, the programme also activated education and consumption of nutritious food

• The beneficiaries of the programme were the pre-school children and the pregnant and nursing mothers.

Programmes

Applied Nutrition Programme, The Rural Industries Projects, Intensive Agricultural Area Programme, High Yielding Variety Programme, Rural Works Programme, Tribal Development Block Programme

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Fourth five year plan (1969-74)• Crash Scheme for

Rural Employment, • Drought Prone Area

Programme, • Small Farmers

Development Agency, • Tribal Area

Development Agency, • Pilot Intensive Rural

Employment Programme,

• minimum Needs Programme

• DPAP is an area development programme, Initiated in 1970 to mitigate the severe scarcity conditions in the selected chronically drought affected areas in the country.

• Cash scheme for rural development , This is a centrally sponsored scheme initiated in 1971 to provide employment to at least 1000 persons in each of the selected Districts for a period of 10 months in a year.

• A central sector scheme the Pilot Intensive Rural Employment Project (PIREP) was started and implemented in areas having different socio-economic conditions on a pilot basis.

• SFDA and MFALDA to improve the economic conditions of small and marginal farmers and agricultural labourers by assisting them to rise their agricultural out put through adoption of agricultural inputs including agriculture implements, development of minor irrigation, subsidiary occupation schemes

The planning and agricultural transformation strategy came to be implemented during the course of the Fourth Plan and was more popularly known as the “Green Revolution” in agriculture. Even as (lie “Green Revolution” in agriculture was ushered, it was realised that “distributive Justice” still remained a distant dream.

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Fifth five year plan (1974-79)

Programmes

• Special Livestock Production Programme,

• Food for Work Programme,

• Desert Development Programme

• Training of Rural Youth for Self-employment.

• SLPP was initiated by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1975-76 on the basis of the recommendations of the national Commission on Agriculture. The programme aims at providing greater employment opportunities to the weaker sections and the rural masses.

• (DDP) was started in 1977-7g3 with the objective of controlling desertification and development of conditions for raising the level of production, income, and employment of people of the areas covered under it.

• (TRYSEM ) is launched on 15 August, 1979,designed as a tool for transforming rural youth into a productive force and it is wowed as a facilitating component of IRDP. The main aim of the programme is to equip the rural youth with necessary skills and technical knowledge to enable them to take self-employment in different vocations."

The Fifth Plan was formulated against the backdrop of severe inflationary pressures. The major objectives of the plan were to achieve self reliance and adopt measures for raising the consumption standard of people living below poverty line.

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Sixth five year plans(1980-85)

The Plan laid stress on rural development and its strategy and methodology for accelerating rural development consists of:

• Increasing production and productivity in agriculture and allied sectors

• Resource and income development of vulnerable sections of the rural population by providing them access to assets, inputs and marketing services

• Skill formation and skill upgrading programs to promote self and wage employment amongst the rural poor

• Provision of additional employment opportunities to the rural poor for gainful employment during the lean agricultural season through NREP

• Povision of essential minimum needs.

The major rural development programs during this period were Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP), National Rural Employment Programs, Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) and the 20-Point Program.

Programs: The National Rural Employment Program

The New 20- Point ProgramThe Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Program

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Seventh five year plan(1985-90) Rural development and poverty alleviation programmes

• Poverty alleviation continued to be a central concern in the Seventh Plan.

• Growth of employment opportunities, human resource and infrastructure development, removal of inequalities, an expanded system of food security, increase in productivity in agriculture and industry, participation of people in development arid substantial improvement in agricultural and rural development administration were identified as priority areas.

• To reduce unemployment and consequently the incidence of poverty, special programmes like Jawahar Rozgar Yojana were launched in addition to the existing programmes. Due recognition was accorded to the role of small-scale and food processing industries can play in this regard.

The Seventh Plan envisages the continuance and expansion of the antipoverty program like –NREP,IRDP,RLEPG

The major rural development programmes during this Plan Period were: Integrated Rural Energy Planning Programme, Special Livestock Breeding Programme, Jawahar Rosgar Yojana, Mllion Wells Scheme and Indira Awas Yojana.

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Eighth five year plan (1992-97)

• Faster economic growth.

• Faster growth of manufacturing sector and agriculture and allied sectors.

• Significant growth rates in exports and imports improvement in trade and current account deficit, significant reduction in the Central Government’s fiscal.

• IRDP,

• Jawahar Rosgar Yojana,

• Indira Awas Yojana

• Million Wells Scheme.

• Rise in the employment level

• Poverty reduction• Self-reliance on

domestic resources• Self-sufficiency in

agricultural production• GDP Growth Per

Annum 5.6

ACHIEVEMENTSRURAL DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION

Objectives• Prioritize the specific sectors which

requires immediate investment• To generate full scale employment• Promote social welfare measures

like improved healthcare, sanitation, communication and provision for extensive education facilities at all levels

• To check the increasing population growth by creating mass awareness programs

• To encourage growth and diversification of agriculture

• To strengthen the infrastructural facilities

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“Priority to agriculture and rural development with a view to generate adequate productive employment and eradication of poverty”. There was emphasis on the seven identified (BMS). These included:

1. Provision of safe drinking water,

2. Availability of primary health service facilities,

3. Universalisation of primary education,

4. Public housing assistance to shelter-less poor families,

5. Nutritional support to children,

6. Connectivity of all villages and habitations and

7. Streamlining of the public distribution system with a focus on the poor.

Objectives:• Priority to agriculture and

rural development with a view to generating adequate productive employment and eradication of poverty.

• to generate adequate employment opportunities

• to stabilize the prices• to ensure food and

nutritional security

• A combined effort of public, private, and all levels of government

• ensured the growth of India's economy.

• Service sector showed fast growth rate

Poverty Alleviation in Rural India : Programmes and Strategy

AchievementsNinth five year plan (1997-2002)

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Tenth five year plan (2002-07)Some of the priority areas of action were:

1. Investment in irrigation/water management.2. Fertilizer pricing.3. Improving the effectiveness of Sarva Sikhya Abhiyan (SSA).4. National Rural Health Mission.5. Oil Pricing.6. National E-Governance Plan.7. Small scale industry etc.

Rapid Poverty Reduction

This plan has a number of new features that includes the following:

1. The plan recognises the rapid growth in the labour force. It aims at creating 50 million job opportunities during the period, by placing special emphasis on employment intensive sectors of agriculture, irrigation, agro-forestry, small and medium enterprises, information and communication technology and other services.

2. The plan addresses the Issue of poverty and the unacceptably low levels of social indicators.

3. The Tenth Plan has adopted a differential development strategy. For the first time, state-wise growth and other monitor able targets have been worked out in consultation with the states to focus better on their own development plans.

4. The Tenth Plan has identified measures to improve efficiency, unleash entire energy and promote rapid and sustainable growth. Agriculture is to be the core element of the Tenth Plan.

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THANK YOU

Reference:• Rural development during planning period-Document• National 5 year plans