Towards global cooperativenoncommercial open access -

contributions from Latin America

@dominiquebabini

Consultative Forum on Open Access: Towards high level interventions for research and development in Africa

Network of African Science Academies - NASACNairobi, Kenia, 29-30 January 2015

vision

The International Council for Science (ICSU) advocates the following goals for open access (2014):

The scientific record should be:• free of financial barriers for any researcher to

contribute to;• free of financial barriers for any user to access

immediately on publication

http://www.icsu.org/general-assembly/news/ICSU%20Report%20on%20

Open%20Access.pdf

Pay to publish (APC): a new enclosure for contributions from less privileged

countries/institutions/researchers:

USD 2.097/2.727 per article, for article processing charges (APCs) by “subscription publishers”

USD 1.418 average per article by “non-subscription publishers”

Source: Björk B-C, Solomon D.(2014). Developing an effective market for open access article processing charges. http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/About-us/Policy/Spotlight-issues/Open-access/Guides/WTP054773.htm

The risk of open access becoming integrated into existing commercial publishing

secure global basic open access(no fee for users, no fee for publishing)

• Research output in sharedinteroperable open access digital repositories:– Institutional repositories

– National rep.

– Regional rep.

– International rep.

– Thematic rep.

– journal collections (63% journals do notcharge APC´s)

Value-addedservices withdiversity of businessmodels: overlay journals, megajournals, additionalservices forrepositories, as:peer-review,impactindicators, etc.

“By making available research generated in poor countries in addition to knowledge created in well-

endowed institutions, institutonal repositories could play a role in bridging the global knowledge gap.

Research institutions and universities have the primary mission of creating, sharing, and disseminating

knowledge, which are public goods. Open access through institutional repositories is a low-cost and low-

barrier strategy for achieving this mission”.

Leslie Chan (2014, p.295)

http://cjc-online.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/1455/1579

towards a global noncommercialcooperative open access ecosystem -

contributions from Latin America

Latin American context

• largest gap between rich and poor

• research+dissemination: mainlygovernment-funded + int. cooperation

• subsidized scholarly publishing - notoutsourced to commercial publishers

• evaluation process rewards publishing in international IF journals

• output in local language, in local publications: lacks international visibility, access and recognition

• output in English, in int. journals: lacks local visibility and access for non-subscribers+civil society+policy makers

22 countries

Population: 600.000.000

Map source: Wikipedia

Main languages:

Spanish/Portuguese

Scientific output (main

countries): Brazil, México,

Argentina, Colombia, Chile

research output poorly represented in international indexes

Source: Juan Pablo Alperín (2014). World scaled by number of documents in Web of Science by

Authors Living There. LSE Impact Blog

.

.

.

16 % quality journals from Latin America in Scopus (841

Journals) and 5 % in WoS (294 journals)

regional Open Access declaration (2005)Salvador de Bahía (Brazil) Declaration on Open Access: The

Developing World Perspective (promoted by SciELO)

We urge governments to make Open Access a high priority in science policies including:

• requiring that publicly funded research is made available through Open Access;

• considering the cost of publication as part of the cost of research;

• strengthening the local OA journals, repositories and other relevant initiatives;

• promoting integration of developing countries scientific information in the worldwide body of knowledge.

We call on all stakeholders in the international community to work together to ensure that scientific information is openly accessible and freely available to all

http://www.icml9.org/meetings/openaccess/public/documents/declaration.htm

Latin America: regional cooperative approachto open access

1. regional subject digital repositories

2. regional open accessjournal portals

3. regional network of institutional repositories

agriculture

health

Social sciences

Environmental health

public administration

labour

REGIONALSUBJECTREPOSITORIES

Latin America open access journals

3.500 quality journals in the region (945 from Brazil), subsidized by academicand scientific institutions

76% are OA

No APC tradition in the region

Benefits of OA wide adoption

Visibility + access

More possibilities of citations to research results

Trends in Latin America

• Journals improve quality and multiply visibility, access, indicators, participating in journal portals

– Regional journal portals

– National portals of quality journals

– University journal portals

Regional Latin American OA peer-reviewjournal Portals

.

• Started 1997

• Network of national qualityjournals focal points

• Today 1.064 journals LatinAmerica

• Aprox. 500.000 articles

• Bibliometric indicators

• Scielo Citation Index WoS

.

• Started 2003

• In collaboration with journaleditors from the region

• Today 780 journals LA

• Aprox. 280.000 articles

• Indicators of scientificoutput (institutions, countries, subjects)

Regional journals harvester: Portal de Portales Latindex www.latindex.ppl.unam.mx/

UNESCO supports development of open access regional strategies, national policies, consultations, open access indicators, e.g.:

national policies for identification of qualityjournals

Trends national lists/portals of quality journals managed by national research funding agency In charge of evaluation of scientific and academic journals quality certification (related with regional quality

requirements from Latindex, SciELO and Redalyc Journals quality certification related to evaluation of

researchers pubishing in local journals

Examples: Qualis/CAPES (Brazil), NB/CONICET (Argentina), CONACYT (México), Publindex (Colombia), CONICYT (Chile)

University journal portals in Latin America

e.g.: universities with more than 100 journals each, in Open Journal System (OJS) platforms

revistas.unam.mx

UNAM, México Univ. Sao Paulo, Brazil

http://www.revistas.usp.br

Univ. Chile

http://www.revistas.uchile.cl/

Institutional repositories

289 repositories Latin America

From national to regional: high level interventionsfor aligning national repository networks

• Since: 2012

• Members: governments (national networks of digital repositories)

• Started with government agreement of 9 countries:Argentina,Brasil,Chile,Colombia, Ecuador, México,Perú,Venezuela, El Salvador

• Regional harvester: initial 800.000 digital objects (full text peer-review articles + doctoral and master theses, reports).Driver 2.0

• Support from: governments, initial support IADB USD 1.000.000 (regional public good)

• Managed by RedCLARA and funded by governments

• Challenges: institutionalization, metadata quality, working withCOAR and OpenAIRE for global alignment

http://www.slideshare.net/OpenAIRE_eu/3-open-airecoarsession1carmengloriaContact: cabezas.alberto@gmail.com

Open Access policies in Latin America

Institutional

• Few (29 registered in ROARMAP)

• Weak (recommendations more than mandates)

• Partial (Mainly for thesis)

– A good example of mandatory institutionalpolicy: University of São Paulo, Brazilhttp://www.producao.usp.br/page/politicaAcessoEnUS

National

• AO legislation approved byCongress in– Peru (2013)– Argentina (2013)– Mexico (2014)

Requires creation of OA digital repositories for gov.-fundedresearch results

• OA legislation proposal in Congress– Brazil (since 2007)

high level interventions for national cooperation of open access repositories – the case of Argentina

Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MINCYT)

– Digital Repositories Experts Committee (since 2009) to:

• Select and adapt international standards for digital repositories

• Definition on contents to be considered for national harvester

• Requirements for institutions that need financial support for digital repositories – evaluation of funding requests

• Draft for OA national legislation proposal

• Guidelines for institutions to be members of the:

– National System of Digital Repositories (SNRD/MINCYT)

• Membership benefits: training, funding, technical support

• Promotes regional networks of repositories within country

• National harvester

• Open access week event

• National focal point of La Referencia (regional network of digital repositories) and COAR

Argentina´s national legislation approved in 2013Main concepts - http://repositorios.mincyt.gob.ar/recursos.php

• Research institutions which receive government funding shall develop individual or shared interoperable open access institutional repositories for research output financed by public funds (journal articles, scientific reports, theses, research data, etc.)

• Those institutions will

have to issue policies for

open access to primary

research data in repositories

Argentina´s national legislation approved in 2013 main concepts (2)

Researchers, technologists, faculty, postdoctoral fellows and master and doctoral students whose research activity is financed with public funds, shall deposit or expressly authorize the submission of a copy of the final version of its scientific and technological production published or accepted for publication and/or that has gone through an approval process by a competent authority or jurisdiction in the matter, in the open access digital repositories institutions

Maximum embargo: 6 months (5 years for research data) or expiration of the term of protection of industrial property rights or the termination of previous agreements. During embargo, metadata will be provided in open access.

Regional strategy for Latin America and theCaribbean

Recommendations from Regional Consultation on Open Access to Scientific Information, sponsored by UNESCO, Kingston, March 2013 - 23 countries represented

• Gold and Green routes are suitable form of OA for the region

– For Green routes, inclusive and cooperative OA solutions should be promoted to avoid new enclosures

– the Gold OA route in the region should continue its present emphasis on sharing costs.

http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/news/report_open

_access_en.pdf

Dominique Babini – CLACSO, Open Access ProgramUniversity of Buenos Aires/IIGG – Open Access Project

@dominiquebabinidasbabini@gmail.com

Thank you!!!!