Music 7 FinalMusic 7 FinalReview 2Review 2

Africa, Latin America, Black Africa, Latin America, Black America, and JazzAmerica, and Jazz

Africa- Instrument Africa- Instrument CategoriesCategories

1.1. AerophonesAerophones Sound is produced by moving airSound is produced by moving air

2.2. ChordophonesChordophones Sound is produced by vibrating stringsSound is produced by vibrating strings

3.3. MembranophonesMembranophones Sound is produced by striking an animal Sound is produced by striking an animal

skinskin4.4. IdiophonesIdiophones

Sound is produced by shaking, hitting, or Sound is produced by shaking, hitting, or striking—but NOT a drumstriking—but NOT a drum

Africa-Musical Africa-Musical InteractionsInteractions

1.1. EchoEcho Group copies the leaderGroup copies the leader

2.2. Call & ResponseCall & Response Leader changes, group stays the sameLeader changes, group stays the same

3.3. Question & AnswerQuestion & Answer Leader stays the same, group changesLeader stays the same, group changes

4.4. UnisonUnison Same thing, same timeSame thing, same time

5.5. CanonCanon Same thing, starting at different timesSame thing, starting at different times

Africa-music and cultureAfrica-music and culture1.1. Drums are used for communication.Drums are used for communication.2.2. Music is part of everyday life.Music is part of everyday life.3.3. Much of the music is improvised.Much of the music is improvised.4.4. Much of the music is based on a Much of the music is based on a

pentatonic scale.pentatonic scale.

Latin America –Latin America –Contributing CulturesContributing Cultures

Native South Americans

SpainAfrica

Latin America-MusicLatin America-Music European settlers brought inEuropean settlers brought in

STRING INSTRUMENTSSTRING INSTRUMENTS Music is based on pentatonic scale.Music is based on pentatonic scale.

Black America-music of Black America-music of slave eraslave era

Code SongsCode Songs Gave specific directions for escapeGave specific directions for escape

Work SongsWork Songs Make time go faster workMake time go faster work Keep their minds off their troublesKeep their minds off their troubles Pace the workPace the work

SpiritualsSpirituals Songs about hope for the afterlifeSongs about hope for the afterlife

Black AmericaBlack America GospelGospel

Mood –Mood – joyful, religious, many singing togetherjoyful, religious, many singing together

Instrument – Instrument – organorgan

BluesBlues Mood –Mood –

sad, one person telling of personal troublessad, one person telling of personal troubles Instrument – Instrument –

guitarguitar Form – Form –

AABAAB

Black America-Gospel Black America-Gospel MusiciansMusicians

Fiske Jubilee SingersFiske Jubilee Singers Thomas A. DorseyThomas A. Dorsey John NewtonJohn Newton Mahalia JacksonMahalia Jackson Sister Rosetta TharpeSister Rosetta Tharpe

Stephen FosterStephen Foster Father of American musicFather of American music Wrote “Camptown Races,” “Oh, Wrote “Camptown Races,” “Oh,

Susannah,” and othersSusannah,” and others Songs were often sentimental, about Songs were often sentimental, about

missing loved onesmissing loved ones

JazzJazz RagtimeRagtime

Usually written for piano, boom-chuck rhythm in left Usually written for piano, boom-chuck rhythm in left handhand

DixielandDixieland Started with funeral processions in New OrleansStarted with funeral processions in New Orleans

SwingSwing Happy mood, large bands, good for dancingHappy mood, large bands, good for dancing

BebopBebop Based on chord changes instead of melody; experimentalBased on chord changes instead of melody; experimental

CoolCool Laid-back sound, smaller band, “Jazz for Intellectuals”Laid-back sound, smaller band, “Jazz for Intellectuals”

FusionFusion Combination of Jazz & Rock, electronic instrumentsCombination of Jazz & Rock, electronic instruments

SmoothSmooth Commercialized, made to sell recordsCommercialized, made to sell records

Musical Theater-JobsMusical Theater-Jobs Lyricist- writes the words to the songsLyricist- writes the words to the songs Composer-writes the musicComposer-writes the music Director-oversees the whole musicalDirector-oversees the whole musical Producer-handles the business aspects Producer-handles the business aspects Choreographer-creates the dancesChoreographer-creates the dances Conductor-rehearses the musicians Conductor-rehearses the musicians

and conducts the orchestraand conducts the orchestra