MS4 Project Two File4 "Then and Now" Part1

Teacher : Mrs. FB Kh

El Cheikh Moulay Bencherif School Sidi 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Then and Now

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The ultimate objective :

By the end of this file, students will be able:

1- to make a differences poster

2-to use the simple past to narrate

3-to describe a famous person’s biography ( leader)

4-to report past events

5-to describe historic places using relative pronouns

Functions and Notions

-Remembering

-Expressing surprise

-Asking for and giving information

-Describing people

Language learning Grammar

-The simple past tense

-The semi modal verb « used to »

-The relative pronouns: who, that, which,where, whose, that

-The suffixes: ist, ian, er

-The sequencers (Consolidation)

Words and Sounds

-Vocabulary related to

Old crafts, antiques,

History and Geography

-The Diphthongs

-Stress shift

Skills Building

Social Skills

-Doing a class presentation

-Solving riddles

-Writing a short biography

-Singing nursery rhymes

-Writing a letter of opinion for publication

Primary Skills

-Deducing the meaning of words from context

-Coping with interruptions in a conversation

-Asking for clarification

-Correcting oneself

-Avoiding repetition in writing

Invite your students to describe the pictures about Bab ElOued city on page 91 and through which they’ll spot what has changed in the same city from the colonial period tothe present day.

“We’re waiting for the city to

come to us”

Listen and ConsiderAim : By the end of this lesson, students will be able to -Identify celebrities

- discriminate between their former jobs and current jobs using: used to be

-complete a dialogue

-recognize the sound of final”d” in “used to”

Before you listen: Presentation

-Students’ books open on page 92 and ask them to identify the people in the pictures.

-Are they ordinary people? -No, they are not. They are very famous artists. They are celebrities

What do they do now?/What are they now?What are their current jobWhat What did they do then? What did they used to be?What were their jobs?

People Now Then : in the past

Brad Pitt

Whoopi Goldberg

Lounis Ait Menguelat

Clint Eastwood

Nicole Kidman

Cheb Mami

Actor

Actress

Singer

Actor

Actress

Singer

Journalist

Teacher

Cabinet maker

Gas station attendant

unemployed

shoemaker

Brad Pitt Whoopie Goldberg

L . Ait Menguelat

Clint Eastwood

Nicole Kidman Chek Mami Harrison Ford A Schwarzenegger

Look at the pictures of the stars, then ask and answer questions about what they did for a living before they became actors or acresses

You: What did Whoopi Goldberg for a living before she became an actress?

Your partner: She was a teacher, wasn’t she?

You: That’s right. In fact she was a teacher.

Ask your students to work in pairs: ask and answer about one of

the stars above

As you listen: 1- Listen and check your answers to question one above.

Goldberg was a teacher.

2-listen to your teacher again and note how the letter “d” in “used to” is pronounced in the following sentences

a-I used to be a teacher. b-I used to teach in….c-They used to be wonderful

You: What did Brad Pitt do for a living before he became an actor?

Your partner: He was a journalist, wasn’t he?

You: Yes, you are right. He was a journalist.

/t/

The letter « d » in modal « used to » is pronounced /t/ because of the assimilation of the sound /d/ in used to and the sound /t/ in to.

Being a bodybuilder is no longer Arnold’s job. It is not anymore Arnold’s job.

Get your students’ attention back to the pictures p92

Example

Grammar Window

Used to is a semi modal or quasi-modal.

It is used in different ways

-Who are the pictures about?

-They’re about Arnold Scharzenegger.

-Are the 2 pictures completely the same?

-No, they are not.

Compare the two pictures

Picture1: Arnold was young (in his twenties)

Picture2: Arnold is a bit older.

What about his job?

Picture1: When Arnold was young, he was a bodybuilder.

And now, is he still a bodybuilder?

No, he is not. Now, Arnold is an actor.

Being a bodybuilder is no longer Arnold’s job. It is not anymore Arnold’s job.

Arnold Scharzenegger used to be a bodybuilder, but now he is an actor.

Nichole Kidman used to be unemployed, but now she is an actress.

Harrison Ford used to be a carpenter, but now he is an actor.

Lounis Ait Menguelat used to be a cabinet maker, but now he is singer.

We use « used to » to express a habit, an activity or situation that existed in the past but no longer exists.

It’s used only in the past and it has not a present form.

OR“Used to” refers to something that you regularly did in the past but you don’t do anymore in the present.

Remember:

We use ‘used to’ with the base form of the verb to say that

someone did something in the past,but no longer does it. E.g: I used to play football a lot,but now I’m too old to play.

We also use ‘used to’ for past situations that no longer exist.E.g: This building is now a museum.It used to be a church.

The question form is : did + subject + use to…? E.g:Did you use to eat at the school canteen?

The negative form is: didn’t use to…(or never used to)E.g:I didn’t use to go out very often.

People used to think that Earth was flat.

Did you use to believe in vampires?

In the 19th century, people did not use to watch TV.

In the past, the Inuits used to travel by dogsled. Now, they don’t any more, they travel by snowmobile

When I was five, I used to be afraid of the dark.

Did you use to use to be afraid of the dark, too,

In the past, people used to travel by camels, but now they travel

by trains, planes, boats,……

What did youuse to play ?

-I used to play hide and seek, but now I play computer games.

-Did you use to watch cartoons ?

-Yes I did, but now I watch football matches.

Practice Activities

Are the following sentences right or wrong? Spot the mistakes and correct1-Peter didn’t used to study hard but now he’s an excellent student.

2-Paul has got a job in a new factory. He is used to run his own buisiness.

3-Did your brother used to go out with you?

4-My friends are used to got up early.

5-Was your father used to be a good student?

6-They usedn’t to like vegetables but now they love them.

7-Frank uses to eat pizza once or twice a week.

8-My neighbour didn’t used to have a pet but now he has small turtles.

-When I was young, I used to drink milk, but now I drink coke.

-Years ago, we used to eat fresh and healthy food, but now we eat

junk food.

-In his thirties, Louis used to smoke three packer of cigarettes a day, but now he doesn’t smoke

anymore

Look at the prompts and make sentences using the words in brackets. Make any necessary changes.

Peter / get/ a lot of toys/in his birthday (USED TO)

Dave / drink / coffee/ in the mornings ( USED TO)

Frank/ not like reading/ now/ he / likes it ( USED TO)

Joe /lived/in Alaska/so he /cold weather ( USED TO)

Little Jim/ not like/ have a bath. Now/he love/ it ( NOT USED TO)

Anna/ take/her dog for a walk/ after lunch ( USED TO)

My cousin/ the cleverest boy/ at school ( USED TO)

Jim/wash his hair/ every day/? (USED TO)

Complete the sentences using : used to or didn’t used to and a suitable

verb

1-Tony ………………. take a taxi to work. Now he drives his car.

2-Mrs. Wilson retired three years ago. She ………………… in a chocolate factory.

3-Sandy ………………… until midnight in order to get high grades in the exams.

4-Jane ……………… poems when she was a teenager, but now she is too busy to write anything.

5-My teachers never scolded me. I always ………….. my home work on time.

6-My brother …………….. with the other boys in the neighbourhood, but now he plays with them.

Scolded

When we want to talk about things we are not still used to doing but are about to get familiar in our lives, we use the structure “get used to + the –ing form of a verb”

Ex: I’m getting used to living in the country.

Get used to can be followed by a noun or pronoun,too:

I didn’t like vegetables but now I’m getting used to them ( or to eating them).

We use “be used to + the –ing form of a verb” when we want to express things we are already accustomed to doing.

Ex: My mother is used to getting up early.

“Be used to”, like “get used to” can also be followed by a noun or a pronoun.

My bedroom is always in a mess. Fortunately, my mum is used to it.

C- Complete the sentences with used to, would, be used to or get used to, affirmative or negative. Match the sentences to the pictures.

Bob ……….… smoke but he gave it up last year.

Lisa and Sue were friends. They ………………… be together most of the time.

Jim was very shy. He ……………………….. have many friends.

Ben’s just got his first mobile phone. He ……………… …………… sending text messages.

D- Choose the right alternative.My parents ...... let me go to parties when I was a teenager.a- were used to b- got used to c- didn’t use to d- are used toAfter living in London for over 25 years, he finally ...... to the foggy weather.a- used to b- is getting used c- got used d- would use...... have long blond hair when you first met her?a- Would Linda b- Was Linda used to c- Used Linda to d- Did Linda use toMy best friend always arrives late. I’ll never ...... it.a- be used to b- get used to c- used to d- be getting used toMy parents are teachers. They ...... correcting lots of exams.a- is used to b- used to c- are used to d- were used toThere ...... be a cinema at the end of this street. Now there is a supermarket.a- used to b- is used to c-was used to d- would...... do his homework every day when he was at High School?a- Used Paul to b- Was Paul used to c-Did Paul use to d- Did Paul get used to

Aim : Students will be able to

1-Express surprise 2- Interview each other

Pair work: Use the information in the box to express surprise at the news which your partner reports about a friend of yours

2-Interview each other using the questionnaire below

Practice

You :Have you heard, Karim plays in major films.

Your partner:Really? He used to be so shy.

You :Have you heard, Souad ranks first in Mathematics.

Your partner:Really? She used to have bad marks in Geometry and Algebra.

You :Have you heard, Ron runs faster than anyone else.

Your partner:Really? He used to lag behind everybody.

A : Which primary school did you use to go to ?

B: I used to go to Sahraoui Mohamed Primary School.

A: Who used to be your teacher of Arabic?

B: Just a minute. Mrs. …………………. Used to be my teacher of Arabic.

A: What about your teacher of French?

B: I just can’t remember her name.

A: How did you use to go to school?

B: I used to walk to school.

A: Did you use to eat at the canteen?

B: No, I never used to eat at the canteen.

A: What used to be your favourite subject?

B: I used to love History and Biology.

A: Did your teachers use to punish you?

B: Yes, they did.

The human brain is special. It starts working as soon as you get up and it doesn’t stop

My History teacher was so old that he taught

from memory

Henny Youngman

Aim : students will be able to

-Use the simple past with “used to” and produce a passage about past habits (what students used to do when they were younger.

Write it Up

When I was younger, I used to walk to school. After school, I used to revise my

lessons before watching TV. My favourite TV program used to be “Follow

Me”. My friends used to come to my house to play games. At school, I didn’t used to like Maths and Physics. I used to

prefer to study History, Biology and English. The season I liked most was

summer. During the summer holidays, I used to go to the beach. I used to be a good swimmer. I remember that I could swim for a thirty metres to a huge rock in the sea. I used to spend the whole

summer days there fishing and enjoing the fresh air coming from all the north.

Aim : Students should be able to -Use “used to” appropriately

-Interpret a picture / Use words to complete a dialogue

-Interpret the same picture and try to improvise

-Read and check predictions /-Produce more statements from a picture

Before you read: activate your students’s minds towards what they will read about through the description of the picture page95

Ask them about the period of time before history that the picture represents, the place, the people and their activities

1-period of time: The stone age

2-The place: The cave

3-The people: Cavemen / old people /early humans/ Neanderthals

4-The activities: wall painting / playing music

Read and Consider

Man first appeared on Earth about 2 million years ago. The first humans were called “Hominids”.

2 million years ago, our planet was teeming with life!

There were deer, giraffes, hyenas, sheep, goats, horses, elephants, camels, beavers, cave lions, ants, termites, woolly mammoths, saber-toothed tigers, giant sharks, dogs with huge teeth, and all kinds of birds plants and fish.

It was during this time that the higher primates, including apes and early man, first appeared.

Hominids are the family of mankind and his or her relatives.

There was a difference between apes and man: Early human-like hominids could stand upright. Apes could not.

Their hands were different, too. Ape hands were made for climbing and clinging. Man’s hands were jointed differently, which allowed them to make and use tools.

Very Early Humans How do scientists know about an early man who lived 2 million years ago? Lucy solved the Mystery

In 1974, a skeleton was found in Africa (Hadar in Ethiopia). The bones were those of a female, about 20 years old or so when she died. Scientists named her Lucy. About 2 million years ago, when Lucy was alive, she was about 4 feet tall and weighed about 50 pounds. Scientists suspect that she fell into a lake or river and drowned.

Scientists are like detectives. They can tell a great deal from a skeleton, whether it's one year old

What is Stone Age ? One of the most important advances in human history was the development and use of tools.

WHY?

Tools allowed hominids to become the masters of their environments, to hunt, to build, and to perform important tasks that made life easier for them. The first tools were made out of stone. Thus, historians refer to the period of time before written history as the Stone Age.

Cave Painting The purpose of cave paintings is not known. The evidence suggests that they were not merely for decoration. Also, they are often in areas of caves that are not easily accessed. Some theories hold that they may have been a way of communicating with others, while other theories describe them a religious or ceremonial purpose.

1-Pair work : Look at the picture below. Then ask and answer questions about what life used to be like in the Sahara 5.000 years ago. Use the words in the box to answer the questions

2-Look at the picture again and guess which of the following statements might be true. Circle the letters of the correct answer. Justify your answer

Read the letter again and find two or therr pieces of information in the picture (95) that are not mentioned in the letter above

Stone tools - caves - animals - animal skins - spears - play the flute

You : Where did in the Sahara use to live ?

Your partner: They used to live in caves.

You: What did they use to do to live?

Your partner: They used to hunt animals.

You: With what did they use to hunt?

Your partner: They used to hunt with spears.

You: Did they use to make stone tools?

Your partner: Yes, they did.

You: What did they use to wear?

Your partner: They used to wear animal skins.

You:Did they use to paint on rocks?

a-The Sahara used to be a desert land.

The Sahara used to be a green land.

The Sahara used to be dangerous there

d-Life used to be very safe there

b-

c-

The cave people used to play music. (the bone flute)

Tha cane people used to light fires at the entry of the cave to frighten animals away .

Grammar Window

Aim: Students should be able to identify the relative clauses and pronouns and use them correctly

Presentation

The Relative Pronouns

whom

I can speak five languages.

I met a woman. She can speak five languages

Sentence1 sentence2

Person (who)

I met a woman who can speak five languages.

Relative clause

This is the town. I was born there.(in it)

Place (where)

This is the town where I was born.

Relative clause

This is the cat. It belongs to Tom .

Animal

This is the cat that/which belongs to Tom.

Relative clause

This is the house. Bob built it.

Object

This is the house that/ which Bob built.

Relative clause

This is the man. I want to meet him.

Person object pronoun

This is the man whom I want to meet.

Relative clause

I want to meet this man

man.

Whom

A man was found dead in the street. His name is unknown.

Person possession

Whose

A man whose name is unknown was found dead in the street

Relative clauseWhat is are relative

clauses ?They are subordinate sentences which identify and give essentials information on the person, object or place they refer to(antecedent).

What is a relative pronoun

We use the relative pronouns when we want to define, or give additional information about the person, thing or place mentioned in a text. They join a relative clause to the main clause.

THAT/WHICH

to define

a thing/ /an animal

WHERE

to define

a place

WHOSE

To define possessive adjective

His, her, their

WHOM

To define object

pronoun

WHO/THAT

to define

person,people

Further PracticeComplete the sentences with WHO OR WHICH.

1. Who’s the young lady……………….. is standing out there?

2. An atlas is a book ……………….is full of different maps.

3. The teenagers……………… are queuing want tickets for next week’s concert.

4. What was the name of the man…………… discovered Machu Picchu?

5. A compass is a device……… shows direction.

6. Shakespeare was a British writer…… wrote Romeo and Juliet.

B-Choose the correct relative pronoun:

1-That man who/which comes from London speaks a very good accent.

2-John Smith is an old man where/whose house was robbed last night.

3-This is the restaurant where/when is served fast food.

4-Liverpool won the match which/who was very exciting.

5-She´s the actress which/who is married to a millionaire.Match the two parts of the sentences:

1) The hospital is the place …

2) What is the name of the teacher …..

3) Shakespeare is the playwright …

4) Do you like the present …

5) What is the name of the town …

6) Do you know the girl …

7) I like the dress …

8) I can’t find the book …

9) Do you already know …

which Josh has lent me.

which I gave you for your birthday?

where you go when you are ill.

who is new to our class?

where you will go on holiday?

who wrote Hamlet.

where you were born?

who teaches you Maths

which you were wearing at the party.

Choose the correct relative pronoun to the sentences below:

1. A nurse is a person ………. helps the doctor.2. Art is the subject ……….. I like most. 3. Have you ever been to the house …………… they live? 4. Who is the girl ………… is talking to your brother?5. The man ………... was driving the car was taken to hospital.6. The book …………... I am reading is very adventurous.7. This is the village …………. I grew up.8. I really don’t know ………… answer is the correct one.9. I don’t know the people …………. have just come.10. Peter is the person ………. can help you with your work.11. This is the shop ………… I bought my bike. 12. J.R.R. Tolkien is the writer ……… wrote The Lord of the Rings.13. The CDs ………… are on the desk are mine.

The postman is a person ………

is a man ……

A petshop is a place ………

……………………………….……

Aim : To provide more practice activities on the structure « used to » and the relative pronouns

1-Imagine you are an archeologist. Explain to Ann what the names of the objects written in bold are and what cavemen used them for. Use the relative pronouns which and that. Make sure that your students don’t confuse “usedto” with “to use for” meaning employ for a purpose

The giraffe is an animal……………

The map is a thing …………..

The changing room is a place ……………… A friend is a

person……..

The restaurant is a place ……………

Key answers to Grammar Window p97

A-The sentences which have the same meaning are

1-It used to be a green land with large rivers and big lakes, which contained a lot of fish.

2-It had large forests, which were full of dangerous animals.

3-The people who used to live in the Sahara were cave people.

4-They painted many beautiful pictures of animals and hunters in the cave where they lived.

D-Completion of the rule:

Which, who, where are relative pronouns. They refer to the words which come before them.

Practice

4 65321

Ann : Excuse me,what is this ?

You: This is astone ax

Ann: What did cavemen use it for?

You: They used it for hunting wild animals.

Ann : And what is that ?

You: That is a stone jar.


You: They used it for storing fat.

Ann : Sorry, what is this ?

You: This is a spear.


You: They used it for killing animals.

Ann: And what is that?

You: That is a skin bag.


You: They used it for keeping tools.

Ann : And what is that ?

You: That is a flute.


You: They used it for playing music.

Ann : What is this ?

You : This is a stone pot.


You: They used it for drinking water.

Tourist : Excuse me, what did cavemen use to do here ?

Tourist guide: This is the corner of the cave where cavemen used to keep their musical instruments.

Tourist : Excuse me, what did cavemen use to do here ?

Tourist guide: This is the back of the cave where cavemen used to sleep on animal skins.

Tourist: Excuse me, what did cavemen use to do here?

Tourist guide: This is the front of the cave where cavemen used to keep a fire to frighten wild animals.

Aim : Students will be able to write a short note for tourist guide about what life used to be like in the Sahara long time ago.

Write it Out

Life used to be dangerous in the Sahara. You know, tigers, dears and lions which lived near the caves, used to attack cave people. Today all you can see are these beautiful camels, which have carried you here from the hotel. Life was even more dangerous for children. The

Words and SoundsAim : Students should be able to

1-Identify vowel sounds 2-Recognize the phonetic symbole of vowels

3-Interpret a picture 4-Identify words corresponding to phonetic symbols

Presentation

The English language has 26 letters in its alphabet, but it has doubled that number of sounds 52.

Recycle with your students the consonant and vowel sounds learned during the four years of English study. Write on the board

Your students will soon recognize that each word begins with a vowel sound and changes into another vowel sound in the same syllable.

take buy boyThen read the words and ask your students to identify the sound of each word. Ask them to find whether the sound which is heard in each word is a single sound or compound sound

fear carego poor

cow

« boy » starts with the vowel sound /כ/ and changes into the vowel sound /i/

« buy » begins with the vowel sound /a/ and changed into the vowel sound /i/

Eg : “take” starts with the vowel sound /e/ and changes into the vowel sound /i/

/i//ai//eiכ/

« go » begins with the vowel sound /ə/ and ends in the vowel sound/ʊ/

« care » starts with the vowel sound /e/ and ends in the vowel sound /ə/

« fear » begins with the vowel sound /i/ and ends in the vowel sound /ə/

/iə/ /əʊ//eə/

Each of the above words contains two different vowel sounds.

According to the IPA, these sounds are called

Diphthongs

T-How many diphthongs are there in English phonetic alphabet?

Std-There are eight.

T-What are they?

Std-They are:

« poor » begins with the vowel sound / ʊ/ and ends in the vowel sound /ə/

« cow » starts with the vowel sound /a/ ands in the vowel sound / ʊ/

/aʊ//ʊə/

The diphtong is the association of two vowel sounds pronounced in one syllable

The diphtong

s

The Diphtongs are :/eɪ/, /aɪ/, /ɔɪ/, /ɪǝ/,

/eǝ/ /ǝʊ/ /ʊǝ/, /aʊ/

Which vowel sound do you hear in each word ?

-now …………… -fair …………….

-grow …………… -fly ……………..

-say …………… -near …………….

-oil ………….. -moor ……………

Arrange the words below according to the pronunciation of the letter in bold type

/ǝʊ/ /aʊ/ /aɪ/ /eɪ/ /ɪǝ/ /eǝ/ /ɔɪ/ /ʊǝ/NoseNo

BoatKnowStone

NowHous

eTown

Buy Five

Bay HereSpea

rHear

AirTher

eChairBear

Oil SureTourPure

hair

eye eye/eə//eə/

iə

ear ear/ai//ai/ ə u

ʊau

iə

nosemouth

Stone – air – no – now – buy – bay – boat – house – know – here – there – oil – spear – sure- chair – bear – tour – pure – hear – town

- five

Research and Report

Aim : students should be able to

1-make a complete fact file about India / 2-do a research to make a history file about India / 3-write a short presentation about a famous monument “Taj Mahal” using the relative pronouns / 4-produce a short biography about Haroun Al Rashid

Presentation

Make a fact file about India

National name : Hindi Bharat

Area : 3,166,829 sq/ 1,22,396 sq mi

Bording countries: Nepal, China, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan

Official Languages: Hindi, English

Religion: Hindou 83%, Muslim 11%, Christian 2,5%, Sikh 2%

Capital city: New Delhi

Main towns: Mombay, Bangalore, Calcutta, Hyderabad

Currency: Rupee

Monuments: Kesava Temple, Taj Mahal

Representational animal: Royal Bangal Tiger

Famous Indian leaders: Mahatma Ghandi, Nehru, Indira Ghandi

National Symbols of India

Flag Tricolour

Emblem Sarnath Lion Capital

Anthem Jana Gana Mana

Song Vande Mataram

Animal Royal Bengal Tiger

Bird Indian Peacock

Aquatic animal

Dolphin

Flower Lotus

Tree Banyan

Fruit Mango

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banyan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges_and_Indus_River_Dolphin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Peacock

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Tiger

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataram

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana_Gana_Mana

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emblem_of_India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_India

The song Jana-gana-mana, composed

originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore,

was adopted in its Hindi version by the

Constituent Assembly as the national anthem of

India on 24 January 1950.

India is a country in South Asia. It is

the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most

populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy

in the world.

The Peacock, Pavo cristatus (Linnaeus), the national bird of India. It is symbolic of qualities

like beauty, grace, pride and mysticism

The capital of India is New Delhi and its largest

city is Mumbai.

The national emblem of India is an adaptation of the Buddhist Lion Capital of Asoka at Sarnath, near

Banaras in the north Indian state of Uttar

Pradesh.

Lotus scientifically known as Nelumbo Nucifera is the National Flower of

India.

The tiger is the symbol of India's wealth of wildlife.

The Mango is the national fruit. It has

been cultivated in India since time immemorial.

There are over 100 varieties of mangos in

India, in a range of colors, sizes, and shapes

Bollywood is the largest film

producer in India and one of the

biggest centers of film production in

the world.

Bollywood comes from “Bombay”,

the former name of “Mombay” and the American cinema city “Hollywood”

The National flag is a horizontal tricolor of deep saffron (kesari) at the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom in equal proportion.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_national_calendar

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_hockey

From the British Raj to India

The Raj is the period of British rule in India before independence in 1947.

India, Pakistan and Bengladesh used to be part of the British Raj. But just six months after independence what used to be the British Raj was patitioned between Pakistan and India.

After partition, some 15 million Hindous, Sikhs and Moslems moved to live among their own. At least a million people

were massacred on all side during the migration. Fighting over the region of Kashmir continuous to this day.

Between 1947 and 1971, Pakistan used to have two parts, one part situated to the west of India and another to the

east of the same country. East Kakistan had a larger population than the West Pakistan. In 1971, the people of East Kakistan declared their independence as Bangladesh.

What do you know about this monument ?

This is the white marble mosolium which was built by Shah Jahan in the memory of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is called the Taj Mahal. It took 20,000 workers and more than 23 years to built. They finished building it in 1653. It is a famous example of Indou Islamic architecture which fuses the Muslim and Hindou styles.

This is an amazing love story with a sad ending. It is situated in Agra, India. It is a perfect architectural creation. Since the 17th century, travellers cross continents to come and see this magnificent memorial of love. It was built in the memory of the beautiful Arjumand Bano Begun, the wife of a Mugal emperor called Shah Jahan. In fact, he had other wives, but Arjumand was his favorite. They met when they were 15 years old, but they had to wait 5 years before getting married. The Queen died in 1612, giving birth to their fourteenth child when she was 39 years old. Of their 14 children only four sons and three daughters survived. Their love was so big, that he named her Mumtaz Mahal, that is, “Jewel of the Palace”. She used to go with him everywhere, even on military campaigns. When his wife passed away, the King felt so heartbroken that he ordered mourning for 2 years. During that period, there was no music, no feasting, and no celebrations of any kind.

The king was a passionate builder, and decided to build a memorial to his lover in precious marble. 20.000 builders worked for 23 years to build the Taj Mahal.

The King Shah Jahan (King of the World) died in 1666, when he was 74 years old. In 1658 he became ill, and was imprisoned by his son Aurangzeb in the city of Agra until his death taking his place in the throne. His body was entombed next to his beloved wife Arjumand Bano Begun inside the Taj Mahal. Nowadays, visitors need more than a day to go around this wonderful Islamic Tomb.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agra

Education

MS4 Project Two File4 "Then and Now" Part1