Sample Assignment Jan-June

2016 MS-10

Course Code MS-10 Course Title Organisational Design, Development and Change Assignment Code MS-10/ TMA/SEM - I/2016 Assignment Coverage All Blocks

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School of Management Studies

INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY MAIDAN GARHI, NEW DELHI – 110 068

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1. What is organisational design? In your opinion what are the key factors that affect organisation

design? Explain with the help of examples.

Organisational design-

Organizational design is the way an organization is to be structured and operated by its members. It is both a plan and a process. Organization design or ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- its vision statement. It provides the infrastructure into which business processes are deployed and ensures that the organization's core qualities are realized across the business processes deployed within the organization. In this way organizations aim to consistently realize their core qualities across the services they offer to their clients.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Galbraith's Star Model of organizational design-

Organization design may involve ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- when there are clear design objectives driven by a new business strategy or forces in the market that require a different approach to organizing resources.

Factors that affect organisation design-

Although many things can affect the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, environment, and technology.

I. Organizational size-

The larger an organization becomes, the more complicated its structure. When an organization is small — such as a single retail store, a two‐person consulting firm, or a restaurant — its structure can be simple.

involve -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

As an organization grows, however, it becomes increasingly difficult to manage without more formal work assignments and some delegation of authority. involve -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. That's one reason larger organizations are often mechanistic—mechanistic systems are usually designed to maximize specialization and improve efficiency.

II. Organization life cycle-

Organizations, like humans, tend to progress through stages known as a life cycle. Like humans, most organizations go through the following four stages: birth, youth, midlife, and maturity. Each stage has characteristics that have implications for the structure of the firm.

Birth: In the birth state, a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- of authority. The founder usually “calls the shots.”

Youth: In this phase, the organization is trying to grow. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. The organization becomes more organic in structure during this phase. It is during this phase that the formal structure is designed, and some delegation of authority occurs.

Midlife: This phase ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, and the founder may have difficulty remaining in control. As the organization becomes older, it may also become more mechanistic in structure.

---------------------------------------------------, it tends to become less innovative, less interested in expanding, and more interested in maintaining itself in a stable, secure environment. involve ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Firms experiencing the decline of maturity may institute the changes necessary to revitalize.

Although an organization may proceed ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. An organization may even try to change its position in the life cycle by changing its structure.

As the life‐cycle concept implies, a ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- as it gets larger and the changes it experiences as it progresses through the life cycle are

parallel. Therefore, the older the organization and the larger the organization, the greater its need for more structure, more specialization of tasks, and more rules. As a result, the older and larger the organization becomes, the greater the likelihood that it will move from an organic structure to a mechanistic structure.

------------------------

How an organization is going to position involve -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. In other words, the structure must fit the strategy.

Companies that want to be the first on the market with the newest and best product probably are organic, because organic structures permit organizations to respond quickly to changes. Companies that elect to produce the same products more efficiently and effectively will probably be mechanistic.

IV. Environment

The environment is the -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, and natural environment conditions. Environments are often described as either stable or dynamic.

In a --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Examples of organizations ----------------------------------------------------------------- of staple items such as detergent, cleaning supplies, and paper products.

In a dynamic environment, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- that a company uses while in this environment may need to be continuously improved and updated. An example ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- create competitive pressures for all electronics industries, because as technology changes, so do the desires of consumers.

V. Technology

involve ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In the early 1960s, Joan Woodward found that the right ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ and structure in more than 100 English manufacturing firms, which she classified into three categories of core‐manufacturing technology:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------, made‐to‐order goods. Each item is made somewhat differently to meet a customer's specifications. A print shop is an example -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Organizations using continuous‐----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------. Such systems are equipment intensive, but can often be operated by a relatively small labor force. Classic examples are ---------------------------------------------------------------------------.

Woodward discovered that small‐batch and continuous processes had more flexible structures, and the best mass‐production operations were more rigid structures.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- work well in organic structures and mass production operations work best in mechanistic structures.

Example-

Good organizational design --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- where people can work effectively.

Many ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- leadership, etc. and still not perform well because of poor organizational design.

Take the example of a company whose sales -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- to do so: Company performance suffers as a result. Then take the example of a ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- for customer retention instead: Again, company performance is compromised as a result.

How work is --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. All of these factors are facets of the organization's design and each facet is important to organization's success.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Without due planning -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, the right incentives; and getting the most from people and other key resources.

2. Enlist the types of organisation structure. Discuss few organisational structure and identify their

type.

Types of organisation structure-

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. -----------------------------------

------------------------- is set up so that each portion of the organization is grouped according to its purpose. In this type of organization, for example, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------the organizational boundaries of having the various departments working separately.

2. --------------------

-------------------- typically is used in larger companies that operate in a wide geographic area or that have separate smaller organizations within the umbrella group to cover different types of products or market areas. For example, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- division, a parts division and divisions for each geographic area to handle specific needs.

3. ----------------------------

The third main type of organizational structure, called the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- of functional and divisional structures to exist in one organization. This can create power struggles because most areas of the company will have a dual management--a functional manager and a product or divisional manager ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- territory.

Organisational structure and identifying their type-

These organisational structures are briefly described in the following paragraphs:

1. -------------------------------------------:

A line organisation has only direct, ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- departments-departments

directly involved in accomplishing the primary goal of the organisation. For example, ------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------. In a line organisation authority follows the chain of command.

Features:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------:

(i) --------------------- A position in the direct chain of command that is responsible for the achievement of an organisation’s goals and

(ii) Staff position: A position -------------------------------------------------------- for the line positions.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Line and Staff Organisational Structure:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Three types of specialized staffs can be identified:

(i) ---------------------- (ii) ------------------------ (iii) ----------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. Divisional Organisational Structure:

In this type of structure, the organisation can have different basis on which departments are formed. They are:

(i) -------------------------------- (ii) --------------------------- (iii) Geographic territory, (iv) ----------------------------- (iv) Combination approach.

5. Project Organisational Structure:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .

6. ---------------------------------------: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Feature: Superimposes a ----------------------------------------------------------- onto a hierarchical functional structure

7. Hybrid -----------------------------------:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Organizational Restructuring of the two companies I am familiar with is-

Whether you are acquiring a ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- undergoes major restructuring to get in-line with the organizational setup of the acquiring business.

When AT&T acquired ------------------------------- to fit into the organizational setup of AT&T. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- had to cut down 10,000 employees over a period of three years, following acquisition of BellSouth.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .

3. Explain the concept of workplace and architectural ergonomics with the help of examples.

Concept of -------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A study of the interaction of the human body with the surrounding environment will be able to achieve a balance between the workplace design and the human physical demands. Ergonomics aims to achieve this and more.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The goal of Ergonomics is to provide maximum productivity with minimal cost; in this context cost is expressed as the physiological or health cost to the worker----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- of injury. Ergonomics has already been defined and its -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Matching the requirements of a job with the capabilities of the worker is the approach to be adopted in order to reduce the risks of musculoskeletal injuries resulting from handling materials manually.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A proactive approach to Ergonomics will ensure that:

Designers will -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- regarding risk reduction

Decision-makers ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- that contribute to the reduction or elimination of risk.

Design ------------------------------------------------------------------------ of workers. For example, ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------would be designed into the process

Other aspects of design should ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- access when using mechanical aids and eliminating unnecessary lifting activities.

Ergonomics helps provide the tools ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- of injury and illnesses caused as a result of workplace design, the cost to the company can add up in the long run.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Office ergonomics entails ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. It focuses on the placement of the chair, desk, keyboard, monitor and the telephone.

An evaluation in course of making an office ergonomically compliant involves:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- demands of a job Recognizing the ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Training ------------------------------------------------------------------- around the office space

The study ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- demands of a job should encompass a holistic view. It should consist of:

The setup of workstation in ------------------------------------------------------- activity, the movement and repetitions required to complete an activity

The surroundings of your ----------------------------------------------------------------------- of noise, and the humidity and temperature

The ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- printer and the scanner. The amount of ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ergonomics impact our well being. An ergonomically compliant office should satisfy these questions:

Is the ---------------------------------------- mouse right? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Do you have an ------------------------------------------------? ---------------------------------------------------------------- in your office? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Are ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- for seated

and upright workstations?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

An ergonomically designed workplace will go a long way in creating a positive difference in the attitudes of workers while maintaining an atmosphere that is conducive to meet organizational goals.

Example 1-

Deere and Company manufactures farm equipment. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- work while being on their knees and bent over assembling machinery parts.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- They revealed a huge ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- work time due to back injury of workers which increased up to 31% in 1979. It also escalated workers medical compensation costs by 15% per year. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, workers with hand tools like wrenches with awkward wrist positions. The hand job was also highly repetitive further risking the workers' wrists. Implemented -----------------------------------------------------

As a solution to these ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- education for lifting. They started an 8-hour ergonomics training program.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- office furniture and laid down guidelines for new purchases. The company also trained their employees on the use of video displays.

As part of the engineering --------------------------------------------------------- manually which were heavier than 40 pounds.

They redesigned the workstations -------------------------------------------------------------------. They changed the hand tools to save the workers from wrist strains and -------------------------------------------- for lifting of the lawn mower decks.

------------------------------------------- Benefits of these ergonomics initiatives --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cost was also decreased due to fewer cases of injury.

Effectiveness of these ergonomic initiatives resulted in 83% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

It also showed a 32% reduction in workers' healthcare compensation during the last 10 years. Workers participation and contribution in these initiatives helped the company achieve these benefits.

Example 2-

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- called Silicon Graphic Inc.

The company has 3,800 workers. Their jobs included:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Workers ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ while handling materials. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ them into shipping boxes.

OSHA reported increasing -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- injuries in 1990s, increase in back injuries and a resulting increase in medical costs. Risk Assessments

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . Effectiveness ------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This ergonomics program was made successful by the support and funding of the upper management for it.

4. What is an interview? Discuss how different types of interview methods citing examples.

An interview is a ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- to elicit facts or statements from the interviewee. Interviews are a standard part of qualitative research. They are also used in journalism and media reporting (see Interview (journalism)) and in various employment-related contexts. The qualitative ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- of what the interviewees say. Interviewing, when considered as a method for conducting qualitative research, is a technique used to understand the experiences of others. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. -------------------------- Screening interviews are generally --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ “weed out” the

applicants who are obviously not a fit. Screening interviews are usually done by phone, tend to be very short, and the questions

will focus on basic qualifications.

2. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, such

as geographic obstacles – the applicant lives in another city or state. In this case, phone interviews will be longer and more

detailed. Here are a few do’s and don’ts of phone interviews in all situations:

---------------------------------------------------. Never conduct a -------------------------------------------------------------- to focus all your attention on the interview. Use a land ------------------------------------------------------------- dropped or poor reception. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- the interview. No eating, surfing the web, ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and focus

on the interview.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . Building rapport with the interviewer is usually easiest in this setting.

4. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Remember that in a panel interview you must connect with and engage every member of the panel, not just the person asking

the question. Make sure you get a -------------------------------------------------------- send each a thank you note afterwards.

Always bring extra resumes and offer one to each member of the panel at the beginning of the interview.

5. Serial Interviews- In a serial interview you will meet with several people throughout the day, usually back-to-back. One

person will interview you, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ and mentally tiring

because they can often take the entire day. Remember that each time you are passed onward your chances of being hired

improve! Serial interviews are typically used for senior-level positions, but there are exceptions.

6. ----------------------------------------------------------------. Interview lunches are very unstructured, and they will probably be

evaluating your social skills and manners. If you haven’t yet done so, make a point of attending the University Career Center

Professional Etiquette dinner to familiarize --------------------------------------------------------, stick with something in the mid-

range of prices that’s easy to eat. Never under any circumstances order an alcoholic drink during a lunch or dinner interview.

7. Group Interviews- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9. Portfolio Based Interviews- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------- work is up to date without too little or too much. Make sure that your

images if in print are big enough for the interviewer to see properly, and always test your online portfolio on all Internet

browsers before turning up.

10. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------, and have your answers ready for questions such as “Give me an example of a

time you worked as a team to achieve a common goal.” For more examples of ----------------------- here etc.

11. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

12. Technical interviews- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Conclusion- Employers conduct multiple interviews as a -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Each time you are invited back for a subsequent

interview means you are one step closer to a job offer! In all interviewing situations the key to success is good preparation.

The more effort you put into it, the better your odds of succeeding.

Example-

The following are examples ------------------------------------:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

You're consulting -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. As a result, it is contemplating store closings. Explain how you'd advise this client?

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------?

You have been ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------- state of the art technology. What would you advise your client to do?

You have been assigned -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- wants to open the Chinese market. What advice do you have for this company?

The ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- markets in order to increase revenue. What steps would you take to help this company achieve its objective?

You have been assigned to consult a shoe retailer ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ food at its stores. How would you advise this client?

5. Explain the meaning of OD intervention. Enlist the type of alternate interventions that are carried

out in an organisation that you are familiar with.

OD interventions are the building blocks which are the planned activities designed to improve the organization’s functioning through participation of the members of the organization. "----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- by the client following a program to check on the state of the organization's health, or to effect necessary changes in its own behavior. "----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Every action that influences an organization's improvement program in a change agent-client system relationship can be said to be an intervention. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To effectively adapt and thrive in today’s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------, group and individual levels. OD interventions involve respect for people, a

climate of trust and support, shared power, open confrontation of issues, and the active participation of stakeholders. ------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------ organization (socio-technical systems). OD interventions are

sponsored by the CEO and supported and “owned” by staff at the different levels of the organization.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type of alternate interventions (With Example)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

EPCOS used OD Programs only one or a few of these interventions, while other programmes may use several of them

simultaneously. Some of the many OD interventions which EPCOS using are.

1. -------------------------------:

This activity involves collection of all the pertinent information about the state of the organization. This can be done through

the organization’s operations records, observation of task activities, meetings with subordinates, and interviews with workers

and so on. This could establish the current health of the organization.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Team building:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

These may be task related problems ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------- way things are done, by redirecting the resources, utilized and by re-

examining the work processes.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------- their feelings and thoughts, where leadership evolves on the basis of respect and functional excellence

and where conflicts are resolved on the basis of mutual understanding.

3. Sensitivity training:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. Intergroup relationships:

Just as there are ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- must be synchronized

and coordinated to achieve the organizational goals and any unhealthy competition between the groups must be eliminated.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Process consultation:

The purpose of process consultation is for an outside OD consultant to assist the management, “to perceive, understand and act

upon process events within the organization.

The ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

members and groups and acts as a guide or a coach who advises on how these processes can be improved.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The conceptual environment brings about open and free expression of feelings, emotions and perceptions. It also helps

members to develop interpersonal competence including communication skills and an insight into themselves and others.

Through steady -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- multifold in the next three to five years and establish itself

as a significant contributor to revenues of EPCOS worldwide.

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