TURKS

Xiongnu

Arabs

Masai

NomadsPastoral Societies How are they similar to hunter-gatherers?Nomadic Social & Political Structures not

urban

How are the different than hunter-gatherers?

Animals! More contact with settled civs.

How are they different from settled agricultural civilizations?

Population density was lessSocial Class Structure was more equitable and less

stratifiedPolitical Structure was often clan or tribe based

Nomads

How were the Xiongu, Mongols, Arabs, and Turks able to kick so much civilized butt?

TRIBES / CLANS united (at least for a while)

Nomads are like an army already

MONGOL CONQUESTSWhat allowed the Mongols to conquer and build a huge empire? (5,6,7)Give 5 reasons/characteristics that allowed the Mongols to dominate?Incorporated conquered people into the

Mongol militaryPromoted officers based on merit, not

family tiesSuperior organizationSuperior tactics (retreat, deception,

encirclement)United the Mongol tribes

Mongol EmpireWhat allowed the Mongols to CONTROL a huge

empire?Religious toleranceFewer taxes as merchants crossed fewer

bordersIncorporated conquered people into lower-level

and advisory positions of governmentEncouraged trade/spread of cultures and ideasMoved skilled artisans, government workers,

and craftsmen to different parts of the empire.

Mongols in CHINA – the Yuan DynastyMongol rule in China: the Yuan Dynasty (8,9)

How did the Yuan Dynasty change the Chinese political structure?

Mongols had the mandate! United a divided China.

Scholar-officials out / Non-Chinese in

How did the Mongols change Chinese social structure?

Non-Chinese, Merchants, & Women’s status

Mongols in CHINA – the Yuan DynastyHow did the Mongols change Chinese culture?

They didn’t (at least not much).Buddhists gained some power

How did the Mongols / Yuan Dynasty fall?Typhoons destroyed the Mongol military as

they attempted to invade JapanMongols fought each otherDisease epidemics and inflationRebellions by Chinese peasants

Kamikaze Wind

Mongol IMPACTMONGOLS in CHINA, PERSIA, & RUSSIAWhich region was defeated by Mongol armies?In which region were the Mongols MOST

destructive?In which regions did the Mongols build new cities

(after destroying them)?In which regions did the Mongols use the existing

bureaucracy?In which regions were the native princes allowed to

rule as long as they sent tribute to Mongol rulers? In which region did more Mongols assimilate into

society after the fall of the Mongol empire?

Mongol IMPACTMONGOLS in CHINA, PERSIA, & RUSSIAIn which region was agriculture nearly

destroyed?Which region was not directly occupied by

the Mongols?In which region did the Mongols support

Daoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism?Which Mongol invasion was LEAST

destructive?Why was W. Europe never conquered by the

Mongols?

TEST REVIEW – Write on a half sheet of paper…

Give a similarity and a difference between the Mongols and the following civilizations …Tang and Song ChinaIslamic Empire (Arab Muslim)