The Story of the Mongols

How They Pulled Off ImpossibilityThe Mongol Empire

The Mongols were incredible warriors.

The Mongols are nomadic tribes who for centuries wandered the highlands and plains of Mongolia, fighting one another and seeking pasture for their herds

Long time ago, (13th Century).

Genghis Khan means Ruler of the World

Early (13th Century)Genghis Khan unites Mongol tribes.

Temujin

Naimans,Merkits,Tatars,Khamag Mongols,Keraites

Uniting the Mongol confederations

Genghis Khan was very smart. All the great khans during the Empires peaking years were.

The Mongols were good at fighting, not just because they were strong, but because they used good strategies.

Used bows, arrows, and swords but also canons a new technologySkilled attacking on horsebacktrick their opponents.Often faked a retreat to lure enemies into a trapWar strategy and tactics

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Siege machine, it was basically the tool used to break into the places they wanted to invade.

Another way the Mongols won their wars was by rotating fighters. Some men were archers, and some were lancers.

There were three rounds of rotating archers. The bows were light and could shoot with deadly accuracy, straight to the bulls eye, even from hundreds of meters away.

After the archers tired out the enemy, lancers would come in. Lancers would come in with their long, sharp spear-like weapons and finish the enemies off.

The lances and bows and arrows were very light and small. This was needed because the Mongols favorite way of moving from place to place was on horseback.

The Mongols kept many horses with them. These horses were nearly no more than ponies, comparatively small in size for battle horses.

MilitaryGenghis Khan put absolute trust in his generalsRegarded them as close advisorsHe allowed them to make decisions on their own

The Mongols brought entire civilizations to their knees, time and a gain, by employing these tactics. They had Russia, China, and Turkey, just to name some of the big ones.

The Mongols extend their conquests.

They turned westward across Asia to Persia.

Year 1215Genghis khans forces had destroyed Chinas capital city and gained enormous wealth

By Year 1219,Genghis khans forces captured most of Central Asia including the trading cities of Tashkent, Samarkand and Bukhara.

In 1216 , The Mongols brutal advance was finally stopped in Palestine by the army of the mamluks The Turkish rulers of Egypt.

Death and burialIn August 1227, during the fall of Yinchuan, the capital of Western Xia, Genghis Khan died.

Genghis Khan asked to be buried without markings, according to the customs of his tribe.

After he died, his body was returned to Mongoliaand presumably to his birthplace

The largest empire Mongols built the world had ever known By 1227,The eastern part of Muslim world had fallen to Mongols

Continued to expand Mongol empire in every direction and also established a new capital city at Karakorum, Mongolia.Moved into eastern Europe conquering city-states and principalities of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus including the major city of Kiev. Kiev fell in 5 days and massive of slaughter took place.

In1229Genghis khans third son, Ogedei became his successor.

The Mongol empire divided among several princes, the most powerful was Kublai khan, ruler of China.

Four Separate Mongol Khanates being established:Golden Horde in Russia, led by Batu Khan;The Ilkhanate in Persia, led by Hleg Khan; The Chagatai Khanate, comprising the traditional heartland of the Mongols, led by Chagatai Khan; and The Yuan dynasty in China, led by Kublai Khan

In 1241,Ogedei died,Batu Khan took over.

The Russians called the Mongols the Golden Horde. Gold was the color of Batus tent, Horde is the Mongol word for camp. The Mongols allowed the Russian princes rule their states as long as they continued to pay tributes of money and give laborers to the Mongol rulers.

Genghis grandson, Hulago invaded PersiaStorming Baghdad in 1258,

The Mongols burned, plundered, and killed with savage fury.

Hulagu A year later, The Mongol marched into Syria, again killing and looting.

In 1271, The great khan named himself the founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China, and moved in earnest to finally conquer the Song Dynasty.

The last Song emperor surrendered in 1276, marking the Mongol victory over all of China. Korea also was forced to pay tribute to the Yuan.

By the beginning of 14th century,The Muslim world seemed secure

The Muslims had recaptured the lst Christian state found by crusaders in the near east.

The Mongols were converted into Islam.

After the Mongols conquered many lands and created their enormous empire there came a peaceful time called the Pax Mongolica .- Pax Mongolica, also known as the Mongol Peace, was a period of time where peace, stability, economic growth, cultural diffusion and development were happening around the Mongols occupied territories.

The Mongols created networks of trade routes all around Asia and Europe

In addition to establishing a world-wide trade system, the Mongols also developed a postal system. It was called the Yam.

In the late 1300s,The Mongols once again menaced the near east.

Tamerlane leads new Mongol invasions.- Son of a Central Asian chieftain who claimed descent from Genghis khan.

Decline of Mongol EmpireDisintegration of the Empire Invasions of other empiresRebellionin Golden Horde against Mongol rulethe result of internal factors

The Mongols were ruthless fighters who had extensive knowledge on the arts of war. It was with these traits that they helped shape a major chunk of history.

The End.