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Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of W I D l i R i Women In Developing Regions Pam Kahl University of Washington MCDM Digital Media in Emerging Markets Fall 2009 Fall 2009

Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women in Developing Regions

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The role of mobile phones in creating social and economic opportunities for women

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Page 1: Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women in Developing Regions

Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of W I D l i R iWomen In Developing Regions

Pam KahlUniversity of Washington MCDMDigital Media in Emerging MarketsFall 2009Fall 2009

Page 2: Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women in Developing Regions

Fertility Fertility Ch iCh iChoicesChoices

Tolerance for Tolerance for Domestic Domestic ViolenceViolence

EMPOWERMENTEMPOWERMENTEMPOWERMENTEMPOWERMENT

Economic Economic IndependenceIndependence

Decision Decision M kiM kiMaking Making

AutonomyAutonomy

Page 3: Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women in Developing Regions

MDG3Promote gender equality

and empower women

Education

Employment Opportunity

Political Decision MakingMaking

Page 4: Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women in Developing Regions

Key Findings

• Positive• Ownership equivalent to five extraOwnership equivalent to five extra

years of education• Tool for economic empowerment• Less tolerance for domestic violence• Sense of possibility

• Less• Fertility preferences• Independent decision making

• Negative• Negative• Source of distrust

Page 5: Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women in Developing Regions

SIMM Marketplace Grameen meets EbaySIMM Marketplace – Grameen meets Ebay

Page 6: Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women in Developing Regions

UmNyango – Spotlight on gender-based violence

Page 7: Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women in Developing Regions

CycleTel – Family planning goes SMS

Page 8: Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women in Developing Regions

• Phones and Airtime Cost $$ • SMS requires literacy

No Silver Bullet • Phones and Airtime Cost $$

• Aggravates gender conflicts

• SMS requires literacy

• No guarantee of access

Page 9: Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women in Developing Regions

L ki Ah dLooking Ahead

• Increased access to information and social connections improves sense of opportunity

• Positive indicators that economicPositive indicators that economic empowerment can foster attitudinal shifts

Must socialize new ideas with men as• Must socialize new ideas with men as much as women

• Change takes time

Page 10: Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women in Developing Regions
Page 11: Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women in Developing Regions

Sources African Renaissance Ambassador Corporation.

http://www.aracorporation.org/simm.html

Biriwasha, M. (2007, Jan 12) Women Fight for Rights with Cell , ( , ) g gPhones. OhMyNews. Retrieved ttp://english.ohmynews.com

Buskens I & Webb A (Eds ) (2009) African Women andBuskens, I. & Webb, A. (Eds.) (2009). African Women and ICTs. Investigating , Technology and Empowerment

Diga K Dev M Comm B (2008) Mobile Cell Phones andDiga, K., Dev M., Comm B. (2008). Mobile Cell Phones and Poverty Reduction: Technology Spending Patters and Poverty Level Change among Households in Uganda

Page 12: Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women in Developing Regions

Sources Esipsu, I. (2009, Nov. 25) Mobile Phone to Partner in Family

Planning Sunday Nation. Sunday Nation. Retrieved http://www.nation.co.ke

Institute for Reproductive Health, Georgetown University [Powerpoint Document]. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/IRHgeorgetown/family-planning-via-mobile-phones-proofofconcept-testing-in-india-cycletel

Klonner, S. & Nolan, P. (2008). Does ICT Benefit the Poort? , , ( )Evidence from South Africa

Page 13: Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women in Developing Regions

Sources Kutoma, W. (2008). [Powerpoint Document] The Internet and

Mobile Telephony: Implications for Women’s Development and Empowerment in Zambia. Retrieved from http://www.mobileactive08.org/node/954

Lee, D. (May 2009). The Impact of Mobile Phones on the Status of Women in India

Netsquared. http://www.netsquared.org/projects/sustainable-impact-mobile-microfinance-simmp

Page 14: Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of Women in Developing Regions

Photo Credits Associated Press

Brendan Bannon/CARE

Phil Borges/CARE

Josh Estey/CARE

David Rochkind/CARE